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Broadband Infrastructure in the County of Møre and Romsdal and Rural Regional Development

Broadband Infrastructure in the County of Møre and Romsdal and Rural Regional Development. Judith Molka-Danielsen, Ottar Ohren, & Bjørn Jæger Molde University College, Molde, Norway. Outline. Background Motivation and Research Objectives Research method The county of Møre & Romsdal

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Broadband Infrastructure in the County of Møre and Romsdal and Rural Regional Development

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  1. Broadband Infrastructure in the County of Møre and Romsdal and Rural Regional Development Judith Molka-Danielsen, Ottar Ohren, & Bjørn Jæger Molde University College, Molde, Norway

  2. Outline • Background • Motivation and Research Objectives • Research method • The county of Møre & Romsdal • Findings • Conclusion and Implications NOKOBIT , Oslo, 24.-26. november 2003

  3. Background • The eNorway plan, from the national government, describes a demand driven broadband policy • Competition among network providers should give broadband access to everyone • Local governments are supported with partial funding for buying broadband services • Municipalities are expected to stimulate demand by • Being an active user of broadband services (schools, administration, health, etc) • Offering broadband services to people (e-Government) • Cooperate and co-ordinate with local businesses to increase demand for broadband services NOKOBIT , Oslo, 24.-26. november 2003

  4. A snapshot of Møre and Romsdal Motivation • Local administrators and policy makers are afraid that their region will be left behind in the competition. • There is a belief that access to broadband services could reduce centralization, or reinforce decentralization. • Uncertainty on how a demand driven model will work in rural areas. NOKOBIT , Oslo, 24.-26. november 2003

  5. Research Objectives • How does the demand driven policy work in rural areas? • To investigate the broadband expectations from local governments, what they planned for, and to what degree the expectations where fulfilled. • Availability of infrastructure • Types of public service units w/BB access • Applications of ICT used by communities NOKOBIT , Oslo, 24.-26. november 2003

  6. Research method • One survey in April 2001 to M&R municipalities and businesses to find out about plans and expectations • (1260 businesses and 38 municipalities where asked. 17 of 38 responded.) • Follow up survey to M&R municipalities Nov. 2002 to check status regarding broadband adoption (38 of 38 responded.) • Comparison with other studies (Andalucia region and Madrid region, Spain) NOKOBIT , Oslo, 24.-26. november 2003

  7. Møre & Romsdal County • 244000 citizens, 15000 sq km, 16 person/sq. km2 • 3 urban centers with population of 20000 – 40000 • 33 % of population lives in urban centers • 84 % of companies have < 10 employees • 38 municipalities NOKOBIT , Oslo, 24.-26. november 2003

  8. Findings • Availability of Broadband Infrastructure • Types of Public Service Institutions or departments with Broadband Access • Applications of ICT Used by Communities NOKOBIT , Oslo, 24.-26. november 2003

  9. i) Availability of Broadband M&R Network access technology NOKOBIT , Oslo, 24.-26. november 2003

  10. Regional Comparisons NOKOBIT , Oslo, 24.-26. november 2003

  11. Number of Madrid municipalities with ADSL by number of inhabitants The Madrid region (Spain) Cable Deployment ADSL Deployment NOKOBIT , Oslo, 24.-26. november 2003

  12. The Andalucia region (Spain) • 32 % of population is located in provincial capitals • 18 % of population has access to internet • 17 % of the households have access to internet • 96 % of companies have < 10 employees • 3% of households have access to cable networks. • 14 % of households in Spain have the possibility to have broadband access (ADSL). NOKOBIT , Oslo, 24.-26. november 2003

  13. ii) Access to BB via Public Service Unit Organizational units with broadband access NOKOBIT , Oslo, 24.-26. november 2003

  14. ii) Are social factors an inhibitor for obtaining access to Broadband? • Norway: (This seems to not be an inhibitor.) • 75 % of the population (70% households) has access to internet (persons > 13 years) • 65 % of the population lives in the southern part of the country, 64 % in urban areas • But the population is very homogeneous in education, income, and language skills. • Spain and the Andalusia region: • 23% of the population of Spain have access to the internet. • 18.2% of the region have access to the internet. • 23% of the population under 15 years old. • Andalusia is below the national average in education and income. (Related to population youth.) NOKOBIT , Oslo, 24.-26. november 2003

  15. In M&R geography creates a challenge for transport and communication services. NOKOBIT , Oslo, 24.-26. november 2003

  16. iii) Applications of ICT used by communities: .. first the prerequisites NOKOBIT , Oslo, 24.-26. november 2003

  17. iii) Applications of ICT used by communities NOKOBIT , Oslo, 24.-26. november 2003

  18. E-applications usage by M&R communities Urban (3) Rural (35) NOKOBIT , Oslo, 24.-26. november 2003

  19. Expected vs Actual use of applications- all municipalities 100 100 70 58 50 35 29 0 NOKOBIT , Oslo, 24.-26. november 2003

  20. Conclusion and implications • Communities in M&R are achieving access to Broadband as planned 1,5 years earlier. But: • The adoption or use of broadband applications is taking longer time than expected. • Many communities are using middle bandwidth access. • It is a problem if their expectations of Broadband is too general. <Broadband=High QoS> But, realized QoS is a gradient function of the bandwidth. • Maybe they feel the applications are not ready yet. This could justify their decision to delay investments in even higher bandwidth access. (This is a chicken and egg problem.) H expected QoS of BB investment real QoS based on investments L time NOKOBIT , Oslo, 24.-26. november 2003

  21. Conclusion and implications • A purely demand driven model seems to be insufficient to ensure broadband access in rural areas. • Market size is a big challenge in M&R for attracting broadband providers. The population density in M&R is smaller than in even the most rural areas of Spain. • National policies and support are needed in these areas. Investments in technology types in Spain seem to follow national policies (ADSL is easier). • The relative density differences between urban and rural area in Spain is larger than in Norway. There should be a more equal distribution of investments between urban and rural areas in Norway. • Other solutions may be needed to extend availability. • Aggregation of demand across telecom services (electricity + internet). NOKOBIT , Oslo, 24.-26. november 2003

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