ICT and its role in rural development

1. ICT and its role in rural development Martyn Warren mwarren@plymouth.ac.uk www.martynwarren.co.uk

2. Programme

3. Lecture 1 Internet in economic and social development

4. Agenda Social Media Revolution 2 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lFZ0z5Fm-Ng Shaping a new world The internet – we can’t do without it... Potential for rural populations Delivery and infrastructure Improving rates of adoption – government policy

5. Shaping a new world

6. Digital media • Radio/TV/video • Mobile phone/SMS • Email • WWW • Web 2.0/Social media • Mobile internet/convergent technologies

7. The internet – one of the wonders of the modern world

8. The internet – one of the wonders of the modern world A critical tool in economic, social and environmental development

9. The internet – one of the wonders of the modern world "The internet is the most powerful potential source of enlightenment ever created." Dr H. Toure, secretary-general of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/8548190.stm accessed 19/4/10

10. The internet – one of the wonders of the modern world But it – or the lack of it – can cause harm to the most vulnerable in society

11. The internet Network of networks Email, WWW, multi-user domains, etc Originally PC, modem and telephone line (‘dial-up’) Now dominated by alternative (‘broadband’) technologies Mobile devices increasingly used for access

12. We encounter it in… e-business e-commerce e-government, e-governance, e-democracy e-health Entertainment Social networking Virtual worlds Etc, etc….

13. E-government Providing access to government services through electronic means, eg: • Education • Welfare (elderly, young, poor, unemployed) • Health • Transport • Environment • Community

14. e-governance ‘Governance’ is concerned with the distribution and exercise of power as a whole – not just that vested in the state. Involves not just central and local government, but also non-government agencies, community groups, interest and pressure groups, charities, business groupings, direct activists, and so on. Includes various democratic processes – top-down and bottom-up.

15. E-health - definition ‘… the application of information and communications technologies (ICT) across the whole range of functions that affect health. It is the means to deliver responsive healthcare tailored to the needs of the citizen.’ (Silber 2003)

17. Twitter 'vital' link to patients, say doctors in Japan www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-1337353513 May 2011 In the aftermath of the earthquake in Japan, Twitter is proving "an excellent system" for communicating with chronically-ill patients, say doctors. Social networking sites have been vital in notifying patients where to get medication.

18. Entertainment Music Video Gaming Gambling Porn...

21. Online interactive gaming…

22. Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2 takes $1bn in sales BBC News,13 January 2010 http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/8457335.stm accessed 19/4/10 “The game’s takings as of 04 January make it the fourth-biggest ‘film’ ever made.”

24. Betfair is the busiest betting site in UK in 2009 Point Topic: Broadband Money Makers Update - edition 34. 15 March 2010 6 million transactions per day. £303 million [€345m] revenue in the year to April 2009.

25. Digital now accounts for 25% of music sales Point Topic: Broadband Money Makers Update - edition 34. 15 March 2010 ... digital is taking a bigger slice of the music cake, but that cake remains at around $15 billion, similar to a year ago.

26. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-13439641

27. And, of course, porn... http://www.theregister.co.uk/2010/02/25/spanish_priest/ accessed 19/4/10 “A Spanish priest spent €17k of church funds on sex chat lines, internet porn sites and prostitutes during his one year as spiritual shepherd to villages in Toledo. As well as relieving pious parishioners of their hard-earned cash - including that from a whip-round in aid of Haiti - [he] also offered his sexual services online at €120 a pop.”

28. Slides removed to reduce file size Social media examples: Facebook, LinkedIn, etc

29. Collaborative media

30. Web 2.0 - wiki

33. Virtual worlds

36. ‘Second Life’ uptake The Register 5-5-07 http://www.brighthub.com/video-games/mmo/reviews/20426.aspx?p=2 March 2007 – 1.3m people logged in 209,000 German 207,000 US 167,000 Asia Pacific 104,000 French 72,000 British… Dec 2008: 16m ‘residents’ claimed

37. Stuff, May 2007

38. Business in Second Life Business in Second Life: an introduction www.smartinternet.com.au/ArticleDocuments/121/Business-in-Second-Life-May-2007.pdf.aspx “...Second Life is attracting significant interest from business and service industry … brands such as IBM, Dell, ING, Philips, Telstra … … test bed for new ideas, where real world prototypes can be released at low cost, with direct feedback from users enriching the design.”

39. The seamier side… Online affairs bust real-world marriage A British woman is divorcing her husband after catching his Second Life avatar having cybersex with other virtual women. The Register 15 Nov 2008

40. … and inevitable reaction Society of Jesus calls missionaries to Second Life Saving virtual souls from 'erotic simulation' Jesuit missionaries may soon venture into Second Life, intent on saving virtual people from virtual sins. The Register 27 July 2007

41. Stuff, May 2007

42. And… Voice over internet protocol (VOIP), e.g. Skype, Nimbus, Vyke, with video Instant messaging, with sound and visual links Mobile access to databases and other information sources via PDAs, smart phones Etc, etc…

44. http://point-topic.com/content/dslanalysis/BBAvoipq410.html

45. We can’t live without it, can we?

46. Youth 'cannot live' without web 13/12/09 http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/8305731.stm A survey of 16 to 24 year olds has found that 75% of them feel they "couldn't live" without the internet. ...four out of five young people used the web to look for advice. ...about one third added that they felt no need to talk to a person face to face about their problems because of the resources available online.

47. In the UK Guardian Money 17/4/10, p6. Report on ‘The Way We Pay 2010’ Payments Council 2010. http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2010/apr/14/cash-credit-card-retailAccessed: 19 April 2010 • 22m [50%] adults operate their bank accounts online. • 70% younger users bank online, compared to 33% over-65s. • Two thirds of adults buy things online

48. Almost four in five people around the world believe that access to the internet is a fundamental right BBC News, 8 March 2010. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/8548190.stm accessed 19/4/10 • Based on a survey of more than 27,000 adults across 26 countries. • Finland and Estonia have already ruled that access is a human right for their citizens. • International bodies such as the UN are also pushing for universal net access.

49. ... Though security is a worry... • “The cyberplague that threatens an internet Armageddon • The unchecked rise of malware could culminate in a massive global event that would change forever the way we use the internet” The Observer, Sunday 1 May 2011 http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2011/may/01/malware-cyberplague-internet-meltdown?INTCMP=SRCH

50. ...and possibility of failure http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-14851455