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Equus Beds ASR Program – Wichita’s Future Water Supply. September 6, 2012. Wichita Public Works & Utilities. 186 mi 2 Service Area 425,000+ Served 128,905 Residential Customers 13,291 Commercial Customers 160 MGD Lime Softening Plant Average Day Demand 60 MGD.
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Equus Beds ASR Program – Wichita’s Future Water Supply September 6, 2012
Wichita Public Works & Utilities • 186 mi2 Service Area • 425,000+ Served • 128,905 Residential Customers • 13,291 Commercial Customers • 160 MGD Lime Softening Plant • Average Day Demand 60 MGD
Wichita Water Utilities Sources of Water Equus Beds Well Field – 1940s+55 Wells – 78 MGD Burrton Wichita Well Field Arkansas River Cheney Reservoir – 1965 80MGD Little Arkansas River Local Well Field 19 Wells – 34 MGD Bentley Reserve Well Field Cheney Reservoir Local Well Field Bentley Well Field6 Wells – 10 MGD Wichita
Equus Beds Aquifer • 1,400 square miles • 4 Counties • 2,000 Non-Domestic Water Wells • 157,000 acre-feet Withdrawn Annually
Projected Water Supply Demands Average Day Demand Projections 250 Peak Day Demand Projections 200 150 Average Day Capacity Million Gallons per Day 100 Max Day Capacity 50 0 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 YEAR
Integrated Local Water Supply Plan (ILWS Plan) • Approved 1993 • Meet 2050 Water Demands • Principle Component 100 MGD ASR Program
Equus Beds – Water Level Decline • Since 1940 agricultural and municipal pumping created a depression • 65 billion gallons available for storage (to return to 1940 water levels) More than 30 feet of water-level decline since 1940
Equus Beds – Chloride Migration • Studies demonstrate chloride will migrate into the well field by 2050 • Chlorides will exceed 250 ppm
ASR A Win-Win Project • Reliable & Sustainable Water Supply Source through 2050 • Water Quality Protected from Salt Water Contamination • No Requirements to Curtail Irrigation • Irrigators Have Lower Pumping Costs • Improves Low Flows in Little Ark. River • Less Land Required
Challenges to ASR Project • 1st ASR Project in Kansas • No Regulations in Place to Administer • No Proof that Water can be Diverted from River by Wells • No Regulations in Place to Administer Bank Storage Wells • No Documentation that ASR would not Contaminate Shared Aquifer • Poor Image of City in Project Area
Scale of ASR Program • Ultimate Capacity to Recharge & Recover 100 MGD • 80 mi2 area • Recharge Facilities at Build-out • 97 ASR Wells • 2 Recharge Basins • ASR Wells • Average Depth ~ 200 ft • Average Injection Rate ~ 1 MGD • 134 Monitoring Wells
Source of Recharge Water • Surface Water can only be diverted at Above Base Flow Conditions • Expect to Recharge 120 days/year • Spring & Early Fall • Little Arkansas River • High Turbidity • Varies from 8 - 2000 NTUs • High Atrazine Concentration • Varies from >1 – 50 mg/L
Typical Storm Event Minimum Flowrate for Diversion
Recharge Basin • Area • 4.5 acres • Recharge Rate • ~ 1.5 in/day
Typical ASR Recharge Well Recharge Tubes (3-4 per well)
ASR Phase I • Location selected to prevent migration of chlorides into the Equus Beds • Constructed to establish a hydraulic barrier Phase I Phase I City Wells City Wells
ASR Phase I • Recharge & Recovery Capacity of 10 MGD • ASR Facilities • 7 MGD River Intake • SWTP (7 MGD) • 15 miles of pipeline • 3 Diversion Wells • 4 ASR Wells • 2 Recharge Basins
ASR Phase I • Award Winning Project • Has established the hydraulic barrier
ASR Phase II • Recharge & Recovery Capacity of 30 MGD • ASR Facilities • River Intake (60 MGD, Equipped for 30 MGD) • SWTP (30 MGD) • 31 ASR Wells • Recharge Basin (~ 7 MGD) • 31 miles of Pipelines • Vital Statistics • 950 Sheets of Design • 43 Permits Obtained • 51 Easements Acquired
ASR Phase II • ASR Phase II SWTP Treatment Process • Pre-Sedimentation & Ultrafiltration Membranes to remove suspended solids • Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOP) for Virus Inactivation & Destruction of Atrazine (and other pesticides)
Regulatory Controls • First ASR project in Kansas – NO regulations existed to administer • Project includes restrictions on flow conditions in the river. • Class V permit from KDHE controls water quality to wells and basins. • Establishment of index well network. • Installation of numerous monitoring wells near diversion wells and recharge sites.
Diversion Wells • Appropriations require at least 56 cfs in the river during irrigation season • Drawdown less than 10 feet 660 feet from well • Recovery to regional water level in less than 7 days • No impairment to other groundwater users
ASR Phase II – Geochemical Evaluation • Evaluate Mixing of Surface Water, Groundwater and Equus Beds Aquifer Matrix • Preliminary Predictions: • Pyrite (if present) within the aquifer matrix, may oxidize releasing arsenic • Iron will also precipitate and form a rust coating on matrix • Arsenic is absorbed onto rust
Recharge Quantity • 2006 – No recharge because of low flows in river. • 2007- 369 million gallons recharged. • 2008 – 319 million gallons recharged • 2009 – 170 million gallons recharged • 2010 – 89 million gallons recharged • 2011 – No recharge – low flow and construction issues • 2012 – 33 million recharged to date To date – 978 million gallons (over 3,000 AF) has been recharged.
ASR Phases III & IV • Recharge & Recovery Capacity of 60 MGD • ASR Facilities • To Be Determined • Likely to consist of Diversion Wells and/or additional diversion capacity at Phase II River Intake • Possible expansion of Phase II SWTP