Pre-Activity

1. Pre-Activity Talkie Time: Biological Facts of Life

2. Physical illness. The connection between body and mind is a strong one. One estimate is that between 50-70% of visits to the doctor for physical ailments are attributed to psychological factors.

3. Sadness and shopping. Researchers have discovered that those experiencing the blues are more willing to spend more money in an attempt to alleviate their sadness.

4. Jet lag. Frequent jet lag can impair your memory, probably due to the stress hormones released.

5. New connections. Every time you recall a memory or have a new thought, you are creating a new connection in your brain.

6. Create associations. Memory is formed by associations, so if you want help remembering things, create associations for yourself.

7. Scent and memory. Memories triggered by scent have a stronger emotional connection, therefore appear more intense than other memory triggers.

8. Anomia. Anomia is the technical word for tip-of-the-tongue syndrome when you can almost remember a word, but it just won’t quite come to you.

9. Sleep. While you sleep at night may be the best time for your brain to consolidate all your memories from the day.

10. No sleep. It goes to follow…lack of sleep may actually impair your ability to create new memories.

11. World Champion. A world champion memorizer, Ben Pridmore memorized 96 historical events in 5 minutes and memorized a single, shuffled deck of cards in 26.28 seconds.

12. Estrogen and memory. Estrogen (found in both men and women) has been shown to promote better memory functions.

13. Insulin. Insulin works to regulate blood-sugar in the body, but recently, scientists have discovered that its presence in the brain also helps promote memory.

14. Competencies:1. Define Biology2. Review on the history of Science and contributors in Biological field 3. Identify the Areas of Biology

15. Group Activity: Complete the definition Science – ___________ body of ___________ based on _______ and _________ gathered through _____________ and __________________.

16. Science – Systematize body of knowledge based on facts and principles gathered through experimentation and observation.

17. 3 Divisions: • Pure Science • – a science which explains the facts and principles about the universe. • Research conducted for acquiring knowledge. • 2. Applied Science • – uses scientific facts and principles to make things useful to man. • Scientific knowledge used for practical knowledge/purpose. • 3. Natural Science • – A science which deals with the study of nature. • Nature – refers to the entire physical universe and all organisms in it.

18. 2 Division of Natural Science: • Abstract • – intangible sciences • Concrete • – tangible sciences • 3 types of concrete science: • Physical Science • – non-living sciences • Sociological Science • – relationship, interaction • Biological Science • – living organism

19. 3 divisions of Biology: • Botany • – plants • Zoology • – animals • Microbiology • – microorganism

20. Scientific Methods - system of procedures being followed to derive at concrete result of investigation. 1. Stating A Problem 2. Gathering and Organizing a Data 3. Statement of Hypothesis 4. Testing Hypothesis – by Experimentation 5. Recording and Analyzing Data 6. Drawing Conclusion 7. Dissemination & Publication

21. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND General Biology: • 1. Greeks – 500 B.C. • Aristotle • – father of biology • - studied the hearts and brain of animals – he described the warming • Galen • – greatest authority in human anatomy – model – barbary ape. • - student – Andreas Versalius – created a book in anatomy. • William Harvey • – physiologist – studied the circulation of blood. • 1800’s – Marie Francois Bichat • – discovered that organs are made of tissues.

22. Robert Hooke • – 1665 – coined the term cell – basic unit of life. • Anton Van Leeuwenhoek • – made the first microscope • - discovered the single-celled organism - animalicules • James Watson and Francis Crick • – discovered the double helix DNA – made DNA model. • Jean de Baptiste Lamarck • – introduces the theory in evolution – Use and Disuse and Spontaneous Generation Theory. • Charles Darwin • – father of evolution – book Origin of Species • - theory known as Natural Selection

23. GregorJahann Mendel • – father of genetics • Louis Pasteur • – father of bacteriology • Dorothy Hodgkin • – studied the structure of penicillin and Vitamin B12 • Alexander Fleming • – discovered the penicillin. • Jonas Salk • – discovered the polio-vaccine injectible. • 16. Paul Erick • – introduce the chemotheraphy.

24. General Botany: • John Ray • – 1st lay down the classification of plants. • Theosphrastus of Ephesus • – father of botany – book – Enquiry to Plants. • Carl Linnaeus • – father of taxonomy – binomial nomenclature. • Leonard Fuchs • – father of modern botany • Johann Von Helmont • – plant physiologist – said: the increase in mass of a plant derived from the water and not from the soil. • Stephen Hales • – plant physiologist – accumulation of materials.

25. Philippine Setting: • Padre Manuel Blanco • – 1837 – Flora de Filipinas • Domingo Vidal • – 1873 – bureau of Forestry • Elmer Marill • – 1902 - Authority in Indo-Malayan Botany • - translated the book of Blanco. • Phil. Flowering Plants. • Edward B. Copeland • – put up the first herbarium in Philippines at UP Los Banos – authority in Pteridology.

26. General Zoology:  Ancient Period: Plato – Atlantis – the cradle of civilization Anaximander – first evolutionary theory – that man developed from fishes to fishes with action of mudlight. Hirophilus – discovered the retina of the eye and optic nerve of the brain. Diogenes – first to give the anatomical description of man. Xenophanes – wrote about marine fossils Hipporcratis – father of medicine.

27. Medieval period: • Leonardo da Vinci • – give definition of fossil. • Konrad Gesner • – frenchman who illustrated the first workbook in zoology. • GullaumeRondelet • – comparative anatomy of fishes. • Pierre Belon • – divided the fishes into bony and cartilaginous one.

28. Fallopio • – reproductive system • Paracelsus • – pathology • Columbus • – hearing sense. • Cesalpino • – circulatory system

29. 17th - 18th Century: • Bartholin • – lymphatic system • Wharton • – Glands in the body • Marcelo Malphigi • – father of Histology • Jan Swammerdam • – father of entomology • Rudolphi • – father of modern parasitology

30. 19th – 20th Century: • Karl Ernst Von Baer • - germ layer – father of Embryology • 2. Leydig • – Tissue formation • 3. Purkinje • – discovered the purkinje fiber in the cerebellum of the brain. • 4. August Weismann • – Chromosomes • 5. Thomas Morgan • – breeding experiment of the fruit fly • 6. Arthur Komkerg • – synthesis of DNA

31. Filipino Biologists:1. Filomena Campos – Cotton Research - Woman of the World Award 19832. Dr.carmen Velasquez - Known in the field of Parasitology - discovery in some parasitic worms3. Eduardo Quisumbing - Medicinal Plants – book “Medicinal Plants in the Philippines” - Distinguished Service Star Award4. Francisco Fronda - cited as Father of Poultry Science in Philippines and Father of Poultry Industry

32. Filipino Biologists:5. Angel A. Alcala - Ecologist, known for setting up the First artificial Coral reef in Philippines.6. Dr. Gregorio Velasquez - International contribution on Philippine Algae7. Erlinda Castro - Known for her medicinal Pito-Pito dried herbal tea with high therapeutic value8. Geminiano de Ocampo - eye specialist who pioneered first corneal transplant in Philippines. Established the De Ocampo Eye Hospital

33. Areas of Specialization • General Biology: • Morphology • – study of forms and structure of organism • 2. Anatomy • - study of the parts of the organism • 3. Physiology • – study of functions of the parts. • 4. Cytology • – cell • 5. Histology • – tissues • 6. Embryology • – growth and development of new organism. • 7. Ecology • – study of organism and their environment.

34. 8. Taxonomy – classification of organism. 9. Genetics – heredity 10.Evolution – origin of the organism. 11. Microbiology – microorganism 12. Biochemistry – chemistry of living organism. 13. Entomology – insects 14. Ichthyology – fishes 15. Ornithology – birds

35. 16. Mammalogy • – mammals • Anthropology • – study of man • Conchology • – shells • Parasitology • – parasites • Helminthology • – worms

36. General Botany: • Plant Geography • – plant distribution • Paleobotany • – plant fossils • Phycology • – algae • Mycology • – fungi • Pteridology • – ferns • Agrostology • – grasses • Bryology • – mosses

37. Applied botany: • Agriculture • – soil cultivation • Horticulture • – Science of Growing plants • Forestry • – care of forest • Floriculture • – flowers • Pharmacognosy • – medicinal plants • Pomology • – fruits • Olericulture • – vegetables

38. General Zoology: • Nutrition • – science of food conversion • 2. Ethology • – Animal behavior • 3. Paleontology • – fossils • 4. Zoogeography • – animal distribution • 5. Myology • – muscles • 6. Endocrinology • – hormonal actions • 7. Anthropology • - man

39. Tools in Biology: • 1. Optical Instruments • 2. Non – Optical Instruments • 3. Complicated Technology • 3.1 Centrifuges – used to separate the parts of cell by spinning it around the solution. • 3.2 Microdissection Apparatus – used to control movement of instrument to work on minute organism. • 3.3 Computer – data purposes. • 3.4 Microscopes – produced greatly magnified images

40. Application: What specific area/s in biology are you interested to study if given a research fund? And what is the research endeavor all about? How will the study of Biology help you understand life?

41. By ‘life,’ we mean a thing that can nourish itself and grow and decay. Having Life is a priceless gift one can have. Cherish it while it last. Aristotle, 384 BC to 322 BC Scientist, Philosopher