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Wind

Wind. Wind. The Earth is in a constant battle to equalize its temperature It never succeeds, because our planet is hotter in some places than in others. Wind Patterns. Earth’s air is always on the move Cool air sinks Warm air rises Forms convection currents. Wind.

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Wind

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  1. Wind

  2. Wind • The Earth is in a constant battle to equalize its temperature • It never succeeds, because our planet is hotter in some places than in others

  3. Wind Patterns • Earth’s air is always on the move • Cool air sinks • Warm air rises • Forms convectioncurrents

  4. Wind • Wind is the movement of air as a result of different air pressure • The greater the pressure difference, the stronger the wind • Caused by unequal heating of the Earth

  5. Pressure Belts

  6. Coriolis effect Coriolis Animation • Global winds do not blow in straight lines • The earth rotates as wind blows, making it seem as if the winds are curving • Called the Coriolis effect

  7. Coriolis Effect • The wind blows in a curved path due to the rotation of the Earth • Northern Hemisphere - winds curve to the right • Southern Hemisphere - winds curve to the left • Coriolis Effect Winds and the Coriolis Effect

  8. Kinds of Winds • Local winds- generally move short distances and can blow from any direction • Global winds- are part of a pattern of air flow that moves across the Earth

  9. Local Winds • Land breezes and sea breezes occur because of the differencesinheat of the land and the water • These differences create a convectioncurrent

  10. Air Cools Down Sea Breeze Cold Air Sinks • During the day, the land heats up more quickly than the sea. Above the land, warm air rises and the wind blows toward the coast. Warm Air Rises Wind Blows Toward Coast Warm Air Rises Land Breeze Air Cools Down • At night, the land cools down quickly while the sea stays warm. Above the sea, warm air rises and the wind blows away from the coast. Cold Air Sinks Wind Blows Away from the Coast

  11. During the Day

  12. At Night

  13. Local Ocean Effects L H L H 50o 85o 63o 65o • Sea Breeze happens during the day when the land heats up more than the ocean • Land Breeze happens during the night when the land cools off more than the ocean

  14. Global Wind Patterns • Winds carry heat north from Earth’s equator • Winds carry colder air south toward the equator

  15. Global Winds • Coriolis and other factors combine to produce a pattern of wind belts around the earth • Major wind belts: • Trade winds • Westerlies • Easterlies

  16. Trade Winds • Blow at 30* latitude to the equator. (early sailors used the winds to sail from Europe to America) • When cold air sinks, produces high pressure • High pressure wants to move to an area of low pressure--the equator!! • These winds that are blowing toward the equator are deflected west because of the coriolis effect

  17. Westerlies • Between 30* and 60* latitude • Flows towards the poles • Helped ships return to Europe. • Turned toward the east by Coriolilseffect • Blow from west to east--WESTERLIES

  18. Easterlies • Between the poles and 60* latitude. • Cold air near poles sinks and flows back toward lower latitudes • Coriolis shifts these winds to west • Wind goes from East to west--EASTERLIES

  19. Columbus and Global Scale Winds Columbus was an expert sailor with a extraordinary knowledge of the global winds. He did not attempt to sail into the teeth of the westerly winds, but rather turned south and used the Easterly Trade Winds to drive his ships across the Ocean. On the return voyage, he headed north and then used the westerlies to propel his ships back to Europe, stopping at the Azores on the way for much needed repairs.

  20. Doldrums • Near equator, between 0-30 degrees latitude • Rising air, low pressure • Cool air moves into area, warmed rapidly, and rises • Warms so fast, air doesn’t have an opportunity to move very far before it rises again. • Winds very weak near equator- DOLDRUMS

  21. Doldrums All in a hot and copper sky,The bloody Sun, at noon,Right up above the mast did stand,No bigger than the Moon. Day after day, day after day,We stuck, nor breath nor motion;As idle as a painted shipUpon a painted ocean. - The Ancient Mariner

  22. Horse Latitudes Latitude and Precipitation • Between about 30° to 35° north and 30° to 35° south • Weak winds • Forms a belt of calm air • Contributes to deserts in this area

  23. Prevailing Wind Patterns

  24. Global Wind Pattern Global Wind Patterns

  25. Rainforests of the World • Most rainforests are near the equator because this is where the air is rising, creating clouds and rain.

  26. Deserts of the World Most deserts are at 30o N and S Latitude because the air is sinking, dryingit out.

  27. MoreDirect Sun Hot 0 o Equator 90 o S 60 o N 90 o N 30 o S 60 o S 30 o N

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