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Child Protection in Tourism

Child Protection in Tourism. Ebru Kuzgun Miray Divanoğlu. Some things cost more than we realize. Which one is Child Labor?. What is Child Labor?. Not all work done by children should be classified as child labor

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Child Protection in Tourism

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  1. Child Protection in Tourism Ebru Kuzgun Miray Divanoğlu

  2. Somethings cost more than we realize

  3. Which one is Child Labor?

  4. What is Child Labor? • Not all work done by children should be classified as child labor • is mentally, physically, socially or morally dangerous and harmful to children • interferes with their schooling • by depriving them of the opportunity to attend school • by obliging them to leave school prematurely or • by requiring them to attempt to combine school attendance with excessively long and heavy work.

  5. Child Labor in Tourism • Tourism Industry offers wide variety of job opportunities for children • Entertainment • vendors of postcards or tickets, flower-girls, shoeshine boys, • beach cleaners, dancers, masseuses, prostitutes • Accomodation • receptionists, baggageattendants, • bell-boys, helpers in laundry and ironing,cleaners • Food & Beverage • kitchen and scullery helpers,dishwashers • delivery boys, vendors of ice-cream, snacks • Transportation • baggage attendants, busattendants • car washers andguards, ship-boys • Souvenir production and Selling • manufacturers, shelland pearl divers • souvenir vendors

  6. Facts and Figures • The International Labor Organization (ILO) estimates that 70% of child labor is found in tourism sector and the most recent Global Monitoring Report on Education for All indicates that more than 80% of out-of-school children are in rural areas. • The United Nations estimates that 700,000 to 4 million women and children are trafficked around the world for purposes of forced prostitution, labor and other forms of exploitation every year. • The highest numbers of child laborers are in the Asia/Pacific region, where there are 122 million working children. The highest proportion of child laborers is in Sub Saharan Africa, where 26% of children (49 million) are involved in work. • In Turkey, a survey of households to provide labor statistics showed that in 2006, 17,000 12 to 14 year-old children were working in hotels and restaurants, most of them boys who were legally employed as "apprentices". The number of workers in the 12 to 19-year-old age group totaled 90,000, i.e. 16.4 percent of employees in this sector.

  7. Why Children Work in Tourism • Poverty • parental unemployment • low family income • Indigence and migration • The attractiveness of tourism • Quick money – easy money • temporal limitation of jobs • wide range of job opportunities • no special trainings or skills

  8. Worst forms of Child Labor • Dangerous activities in a hazardous environment • unhygienic, no safety regulations • Loss of schooling and lack of training opportunities • long working hours, insecurity about their future • Sexual exploitation • Child Pornography • Prostitution of children • Sex tourism of children • Extra-enticement of children for sexual acts

  9. Sex Tourism of Children • Traveling to a foreign country with the intent to engage in sexual activity with a child younger than the age of 18. • illegal activity which is subject to prosecution. • Observed all around the world. • Reasons • Economic difficulties,war, organized crime, globalization, • greed, familydysfunction, the drug trade, • low status of girls in many countries, • pornography and the promotion of sex tours on the internet

  10. International Organizations and theProtection of Children in Tourism

  11. ILO (International LaborOrganization) • IPEC (International Program on the Elimination of Child Labor) • Campaigns of ILO and IPEC • World Day against Child Labor - 12 June • SCREAM (Supporting Children's Rights through Education, the Arts and the Media) • Red Card to Child Labor

  12. UNICEF • UNICEF (The United Nations Children´s Fund ) • Works for overrall protection of childhood • Is guided by principles & standards of the Convention & Optional Protocol • Works in 160 countries

  13. UNWTO • The Child Prostitution and Tourism Watch • on-line database on focal points • Task Force to Protect Children from Sexual Exploitation in Tourism • The Task Force’s main objectives are: • to build awareness among the tourism sector, governments and tourists • to encourage the tourism industry to engage in good and ethical practices • to invite governments to take administrative and legal measures • to encourage co-operation between the public and private sector • to monitor the fight against the sexual exploitation of children

  14. ECPAT International • Global network of organizations and individuals • Seeks to encourage the world community to ensure that children everywhere enjoy their fundamental rights free • Permanent member • of the World Tourism • Organization’s (UNWTO) • & Code of Conduct

  15. Code of Conduct for the Protection of Children from Sexual Exploitation in Travel and Tourism • Independent organization funded by the Japan Committee for UNICEF • Best practice for the protection of children’s rights • Winner of the “Ending Global Slavery: Everyday Heroes Leading the Way” Ashoka Changemakers’ competition • Signed by over 800 companies in 32 countries • Signatory Countries: • Austria ,Albania, Bulgaria, Belize, Brazil, Canada, Columbia, Costa Rica, Denmark, Dom.Rep., Finland, Germany, Italy, Guatemala, Japan, Kenya, Mongolia, Mexico, Netherlands, Norway, Pakistan, Romania, Russia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Thailand, Turkey Vasco Travel, UK USA.

  16. Code of Conduct • Six Criteria by signing the Code • To establish an ethical policy regarding commercial sexual exploitation of children. • To train the personnel in the country of origin and travel destinations. • To introduce a clause in contracts with suppliers, stating a common repudiation of commercial sexual exploitation of children. • To provide information to travelers by means of catalogues, brochures, in-flight films, ticket-slips, home pages, etc. • To provide information to local "key persons" at the destinations. • To report annually.

  17. Conclusion • Action should be taken by relavant parties; • Individuals • NGO’s • Tourism Industry • Governments • Media

  18. Discussion Points • Is it wrong for a child to work? Why? • Should child labor be regulated globally or domestically?

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