Sexual Motivation by: Aryanna Reid

1. Sexual Motivationby: Aryanna Reid “Maybe …it starts with a kiss”

2. Sexual Response Cycle • Sexual response cycle: 4 stages of sexual responding by masters and Johnson- excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution • Stage 1: Excitement -genital areas engorge with blood, woman’s vagina expands and secretes lubricant, breasts and nipples may enlarge • Stage 2: Plateau -excitement peaks as breathing, pulse, and blood pressure rates continue to increase, penis becomes fully engorged and some fluid, enough live sperm to enable conception- may appear at its tip. Vaginal secretion continues to increase, clitoris retracts, and orgasm feels imminent

3. Sexual Response Cycle • Stage 3: Orgasm -Muscle contractions occur all over body, further increases in breathing, pulse, and blood pressure rates. A woman’s orgasm not only reinforces intercourse but is essential to reproduction • Stage 4: Resolution - The body gradually turns back into un-aroused state as the engorged genital blood vessels release their accumulated blood- relatively quickly if orgasm has occurred -Refractory period: incapable of another orgasm. -Males refractory period last from a few minutes to a day or more -Females refractory period enable her to have an orgasm if re-stimulated during or soon after resolution.

4. Female Sexual Responses • Orgasms -Clitoral: Pudendal nerves -Vaginal: Pelvic nerves • The “G” Spot -Grafenberg originally identified -Swells during arousal- Stimulation prompts orgasm -Spongy tissue fills with blood -Usually difficult to find on some women

5. Sexual Disorders • Masters and Johnson sought to treat thee inability to complete the sexual response cycle. • Sexual disorders: A problem that consistently impairs sexual arousal or functioning • Some involve sexual motivation ( lack of sexual energy and arousability) • Sexual disorders for men include -Premature ejaculation and erectile dysfunction: inability to have or maintain an erection • Sexual disorders for woman include -Orgasmic Disorder: infrequently or never experiencing an orgasm

6. Hormones & Sexual Behavior • Effects of Sexual Hormones -direct the physical development of male & female sex characteristics -Activate sexual behavior • The sex hormones testosterone & estrogen are present in both males and females, but males have a higher level of testosterone and females a higher level of estrogen • If a normal level is present, hormones have a looser influence on human sexual behavior, though desire does rise slightly at ovulation among women with mates. • Women’s sexuality is more responsive to testosterone level than to estrogen level. • Short term shifts in testosterone levels are normal in men

7. Role of External Stimuli • Erotic material can trigger sexual arousal in both men and women, though the activated brain areas differ somewhat • Explicit material can lead people to view their partners as less appealing and de-value relationships • Sexually coercive material tends to increase a viewers acceptance to rape and violence towards woman • Fantasies influence sexual arousal

8. Teen pregnancy • Rates of teen intercourse differ from culture to culture • In the 20th century, increased teen sexual activity in North America was reflected in increased rates of adolescent pregnancies. • Factors the contribute to teen pregnancy: -ignorance to potential consequences -guilt related to sexual activity -minimal communication about contraceptives with parents -peer pressure -alcohol use -The Media, norms of unprotected promiscuity

9. Sexually Transmitted Infections • Unprotected sex has lead to increased rates of STI’s (Aids, Herpes, etc..) • People under the age of 25 account for two-thirds of percentage • Teen girls are especially vulnerable because of less mature bodies & lower levels of protective antibodies • Predictors of Teen sexual restraint: -High intelligence, religiosity, father presence, participation in service learning programs.

10. Sexual Orientation • Homosexuality is NOT related to traumatic childhood experiences, parenting styles, the quality of relationships with parents, masculinity or femininity, or whether we are raised by heterosexual or homosexual parents. • Researchers HAVE identified possible biological influences.  • Scientist Simon LeVay discovered that certain brain structures are different in homosexual and heterosexual males but that does not mean than genetics caused the brain differences (environmental influences) • Twin studies indicate a genetic influence on sexual orientation since a twin is much more likely to be homosexual if his or her identical twin is homosexual.

11. Sex & Human Values • Scientific research on sexual motivation does not attempt to define the personal meaning of sex in our lives, but sex research and education are not value-free • Some say that researchers and educators should openly acknowledge their sex –related values, recognizing the emotional significance of sexual expression.

12. Video Clip • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1rUpyxlCGTE • Over view of chapter: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2I4qPc0-WU0

13. Works Cited • CliffsNotes.com. Sexual Motivation. 21 Mar 2013<http://www.cliffsnotes.com/study_guide/topicArticleId-25438,articleId-25358.html>. • "Sexual Motivation." Sexual Motivation. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Mar. 2013. • "Motivation." Motivation. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Mar. 2013. • Myers, David G. Psychology. New York [u.a.: Worth, 2007. Print.

14. Quiz • What are the stages of the sexual response cycle? • In what stage does the body return back to an un-aroused state? • Who identified the “g spot” on a female? • Which scientist dealt with studies regarding sexual orientation? • What is the sexual disorder that impairs men from having or maintaining an erection? • How does explicit material de-value relationships? • What is the role of sexual hormones? • What are 3 factors that contribute to teen pregnancy? • Which group of people are more vulnerable to sexually transmitted infections? • Which part of a female swells during arousal?