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Chapter 10

Chapter 10 . Capitalization. Lesson 1: People and Cultures. Capitalize people’s names and initials. Michelle Kwan Robert D. Ballard W.P. Kinsella. Titles and Abbreviations of Titles. Capitalize titles and abbreviations of titles that are used before names or in direct addresses.

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Chapter 10

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  1. Chapter 10 Capitalization

  2. Lesson 1: People and Cultures • Capitalize people’s names and initials. • Michelle Kwan • Robert D. Ballard • W.P. Kinsella

  3. Titles and Abbreviations of Titles • Capitalize titles and abbreviations of titles that are used before names or in direct addresses. • Mr. Carl Lewis • Dr. Dot Richardson • Did you write a book about the Olympics, Professor?

  4. Abbreviations Following Names • Capitalize abbreviations when they follow a name. • Todd Owens, Jr. • Mary Mueller, Ph.D.

  5. Heads of State and Royalty • Capitalize titles of heads of state, royalty, or nobility ONLY when they are used before persons’ names or in place of persons’ names. • Baron Pierre de Coubertin • Attorney General Janet Reno • Dame Judi Dench

  6. Heads of State/Royalty • DO NOT capitalize titles when they are used without proper names or after names. • We saw the queen sitting in the royal box.

  7. Family Relationships • Capitalize words indicating family relationships ONLY when they are used as names or before names. • Aunt Carla • Grandpa Johnson • Both Dad and Uncle Ray love to watch the Olympics on TV.

  8. Family Relationships • In general DO NOT capitalize a family relationship word when it follows a person’s name or is used without a proper name. • Lisa Fernandez, my cousin, will compete in the next Olympiad.

  9. Nationalities, Races, Ethnic Groups • Capitalize the names of nationalities, languages, races, and most ethnic groups, as well as adjectives formed from these names. • Kurds • Native Americans • Hispanic • African American

  10. Lesson 2: First Words and Titles • Capitalize the first word of every sentence. • Baseball comes from an English sport called rounders.

  11. Poetry • In traditional poetry, capitalize the first word of every line. • Modern poets sometimes choose not to begin the lines of their poems with capital letters. If you make this choice in your own writing, make sure the meaning of your work is still clear.

  12. Quotations • Capitalize the first word of a direct quotation presented as a complete sentence. • Yogi Berra once asked a player, “How can you think and hit at the same time?”

  13. Divided Quotations • In a divided quotation, DO NOT capitalize the first word of the second part UNLESS it starts a new sentence. • “Don’t worry,” said Nina. “There is always next season.” • “Yes,” said Fred, “but with us, it’s always spring training.”

  14. Outlines • Capitalize the first word of each entry in an outline and the letters that introduce major subsections. • See page 234 for an example of an outline.

  15. Letters • Capitalize the first word in the greeting and in the closing of a letter. • Dear Miss Ulasovich: • Yours truly,

  16. Titles • Capitalize the first word, the last word, and all other important words in a title. Don’t capitalize articles, coordinating conjunctions, or prepositions of fewer than five letters. • The Giver • The Call of the Wild

  17. Lesson 3: Places and Transportation • In geographical names, capitalize each word except articles and prepositions. • Northern Hemisphere • North America • Gulf of Mexico • Interstate 55

  18. Celestial Bodies • Capitalize the names of planets and other specific objects in the universe. • Milky Way • Venus • Alpha Centauri

  19. Directional Words • Capitalize the words north, south, east, and west when they name particular regions of the United States or the world or are parts of proper names. Do not capitalize these words when they indicate general directions or locations. • In South Africa, children use small stones to play a game called diteko. • If you go south on Main Street, you will find Mel’s Video Rental.

  20. Buildings, Monuments, and Landmarks • Capitalize the names of specific buildings, bridges, monuments, and other landmarks. • World Trade Center • Statue of Liberty • Golden Gate Bridge

  21. Transportation • Capitalize the names of specific airplanes, trains, ships, cars, and spacecraft. • Air Force One • U.S.S. Arizona • Mustang • Challenger

  22. Lesson 4: Organizations and Other Subjects • Capitalize all important words in the names of organizations, institutions, stores, and companies. • Library of Congress • Harry’s Finer Foods • Jefferson Middle School

  23. History • Capitalize the names of historical events, periods, and documents. • Civil War • Great Depression • Bill of Rights

  24. Time Abbreviations • Capitalize the abbreviations B.C., A.D., A.M., and P.M.

  25. Calendar Events • Capitalize the names of months, days, and holidays, but not the names of seasons (except when they are part of the names of festivals or celebrations). • Winter Formal • Fourth of July • May

  26. Awards • Capitalize the names of special events and awards. • Heisman Trophy • Pulitzer Prize

  27. Products • Capitalize the brand name of a product but not a common noun that follows a brand name. • Spiker volleyballs • Easy Over hurdles

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