Electrotherapy

1. Electrotherapy Machine Facials

2. Electrotherapy • Facial treatments using electrical facial machines & small electrical appliances are known as electrotherapy • Modalities • These are the currents used in electrical facial & scalp treatments. • Cosmetologist are concerned with 4 different currents • Galvanic • Faradic • Sinusoidal • Tesla High-frequency Cosmetology I: Machine Facials

3. Machine Facials Cosmetology I: Machine Facials

4. Modalities • Galvanic current • Most commonly used • Constant & direct (DC) current • Positive & negative pole • Producing chemical changes when it passes through the tissues & fluids of the body • Two different chemical reactions are possible, depending on the polarity (negative or positive) • Avoid galvanic current on certain clients • Metal implants, pace maker or heart insufficiency • Epilepsy • Pregnancy • High blood pressure, fever, infection • Open or broken skin; pustular acne • Fear of electrical currents • CAUTION: remember to firmly wrap all electrodes w/ a moistened cotton pledget. Always place passive electrode on right side of client’s body to avoid current flow through the heart Cosmetology I: Machine Facials

5. Modalities • Positive Pole ( Anode ) Negative Pole ( Cathode ) Produces acidic reactions Produces alkaline reactions Closes the pores Opens the pores Soothes nerves Stimulates & irritates the Decreases blood supply nerves Contracts blood vessels Increases blood supply Hardens & firms tissues Expands blood vessels Softens tissues Cosmetology I: Machine Facials

6. Application of galvanic current • Active electrode used on area being treated • Negative pole is the active electrode when negative reactions are desired on the face: forcing negative ions into the skin; opening follicles; liquefying sebum • Plug back cord into metal roller or flathead stick electrode • This is the electrode used on client’s face; also referred to as a disincrustor • Pass electrode • Called passive because it is NOT being used on client’s face • Client can hold metal stick or cylinder which is always wrapped in a moistened cotton pledget; or you can place wet pad on client’s right upper arm or under right shoulder • The electrode is always placed on right side of avoid current flow to heart Cosmetology I: Machine Facials

7. Procedure for Disincrustration • The process of softening & emulsifying grease deposits & blackheads in the follicles for easier extraction • Active electrode is wrapped in cotton moistened with electrolyte • An electrolyte is any compound that conducts a current of electricity; saltwater works well • Client holds passive electrode in right hand • Or …wet pad is placed on a comfortable spot on right side of client’s body • Active electrode (negative polarity) is placed on client’s face & moved slowly over oily areas of face for 3-5 minutes • All liquefied sebum is removed from skin before facial continues Cosmetology I: Machine Facials

8. Iontophoresis • Comes from the Greek and means “moving ion” • The process forces water-soluble products that contain ions deeper into skin with help of electric current • Anaphoresis • Negative pole ( cathode ) forces negatively charged ions (anions) into skin • Cataphoresis • Positive pole (anode ) forces positively charged ions (cations) into skin Cosmetology I: Machine Facials

9. Modalities • Faradic current • Alternating & interrupted current • Produce impulses on muscles & force them to contract;tone facial muscles • Produces a mechanical reaction without a chemical effect • Used during scalp & facial manipulations to cause muscular contractions that tone the facial muscles • Benefits derived • Improved muscle tone • Removal of waste products • Increased blood circulation • Relief of blood congestion • Increased glandular activity • Stimulation of hair growth • Increased metabolism Cosmetology I: Machine Facials

10. Modalities • Sinusoidal current • Similar to faradic current • Used during scalp & facial manipulations • Alternating current that produces mechanical contractions that tone the muscles • Produce impulses on muscles & force them to contract;tone facial muscles • Advantages • Supplies greater stimulation, deeper penetration, & is less irritating than faradic current • Soothes the nerves & penetrates into deeper muscle tissue • Is best suited for the nervous client Cosmetology I: Machine Facials

11. Faradic & Sinusoidal current Application • Cathode is placed on insertion of the muscle • Insertion is the part that does not move; it is attached to the skeleton & is usually part of a skeletal muscle • Anode is placed on the origin of the muscle • Origin is the part of the muscle at the more movable attachment to the skeleton • Pressure in massage is usually directed from the insertion to the origin • Muscles contract 5-10 times each • Do not use faradic current if it causes pain or discomfort Cosmetology I: Machine Facials

12. Modalities • Tesla high-frequency current • Discovered by Nikolas Tesla • Has a germicidal effect; effective for acne-prone skin • Thermal or heat-producing current • High rate of oscillation or vibration • Commonly called violet ray • Used for both scalp & facial treatments • Does not produce muscle contractions • Effects can be either stimulating or soothing, depending on the method of application Cosmetology I: Machine Facials

13. Modalities • Electrodes are made from either glass or metal • One electrode is used to perform a service • Electrodes • Direct HF is mushroom shaped & variety of sizes • Indirect HF is long w/metal coil inside • Air around glass electrode vibrates & tiny violet sparks are emitted • Some units have neon gas in the tube that produces an orange glow;all types produce the same effects • Benefits • Stimulated blood circulation • Improved glandular activity • Increased elimination & absorption • Increased metabolism • Improved germicidal action • Relief of congestion Cosmetology I: Machine Facials

14. Methods for High-Frequency Current Application • Direct surface application • No product on face • Use gauze if electrode won’t move easily on skin • Apply glass electrode to client’s skin & move slowly over entire face for stimulation • Hold finger on glass electrode to prevent sparking • Remove finger once electrode is placed on skin • Dab electrode on spot to cause sparking for stronger germicidal effects Cosmetology I: Machine Facials

15. Methods for High-Frequency Current Application • Indirect application • Client holds tube electrode w/ metal coil inside • Cosmetologist massages face w/own hands • At no time does cosmetologist hold the electrode • Turn current on after client has firm hold on electrode • This prevents shock • Turn current off before removing electrode from client's hand • This method stimulates all cell functions without the irritation that can e caused by the direct method • This method is highly beneficial for sensitive, dehydrated skin Cosmetology I: Machine Facials

16. High Frequency • Used to increase and stimulate blood circulation • Test on client’s hand first to familiarize them with noise Cosmetology I: Machine Facials

17. Cleansing • The large brush is for large areas • The small brush is good for small areas • Used to remove makeup, dirt, and oil from the skin Cosmetology I: Machine Facials

18. Magnifying Light • Used to analyze skin • Determine if skin is oily, normal or dry • Best used after skin has been cleansed Cosmetology I: Machine Facials

19. Steamer • Used on oily skin • Do NOT use if client is asthmatic or has high blood pressure • Use only distilled water in the steamer Cosmetology I: Machine Facials

20. Vacuum Tube • Vacuum tubes are used to remove surface impurities • Check suction strength prior to placement on client’s skin • Large tube for large areas & small tube for up-close work Cosmetology I: Machine Facials

21. Atomizer • Used at the end of the facial to close pores • Spray a light mist over the face. • Do not over saturate Cosmetology I: Machine Facials

22. Mini Sanitizer • Used to keep sterilized implements sanitized • This does NOT sanitize implements for you Cosmetology I: Machine Facials