Working Group 6: Technology for Accelerators Summary / Collaboration Opportunities

1. Fermilab Working Group 6:Technology for AcceleratorsSummary / Collaboration Opportunities J.A. Clarke (STFC) C.M. Ginsburg (FNAL) P.A. McIntosh (STFC) Proton Accelerators for Science and Innovation 2nd Annual Meeting Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, UK 3-5.April 2013

2. Working Group 6 Topics • RF System Control • PXIE RF Control challenges B Chase (Webex) • Muon Acceleration Challenges at MICE K Ronald • RF control @DaresburyPCorlett • Diagnostics and Instrumentation   (Combined with WG4 – see their summaries) • Novel Diagnostics on PXIE Vic Scarpine • Overview of FETS Diagnostics Christoph Gabor • ISIS Diagnostics Development Programme Steve Payne • RF System Developments   (Combined with WG4 ) • SRF developments at FNAL S Nagaitsev 1125-1150 • SRF developments at Daresbury A Wheelhouse • RFQ developments at RAL A Letchford • Test Facilities (Combined with WG4 ) • PXIE Test Facility S Holmes • FETS Overview A Letchford • Test Facilities at Daresbury P McIntosh                           • Industrialisation • SRF Cavity/CM Development at FNAL C.M. Ginsburg • Illinois Accelerator Research Center (IARC) S Holmes • Cryomodule Design for Crab Cavities for LHC-HL S Pattalwar • Collaborative Opportunities PASI WG6 Summary

3. RF System Control PASI WG6 Summary

4. PASI WG6 Summary

5. Very good control demonstrated (no beam) PASI WG6 Summary

6. Challenging timing and synchronisation to generate complex bunch patterns PASI WG6 Summary

7. Collaboration with LBNL PASI WG6 Summary

8. Digital upgrade to LLRF has improved performance of buncher cavity PASI WG6 Summary

9. Builds on ALICE/VELA experience - same open architecture boards PASI WG6 Summary

10. PASI WG6 Summary

11. K Ronald PASI WG6 Summary

12. RF System Developments PASI WG6 Summary

13. FNAL SRF Programme – S Nagaitsev (FNAL) • Extensively utilising ILC SRF R&D from 2006-12 • Project-X priority: • 3 GeV CW linac followed by a 3-8 GeV pulsed linac, providing a very powerful intensity frontier accelerator complex • Presents new challenges: • 6 different cavities optimized for changing proton velocities (β) • 4 different frequencies (162.5, 325, 650, 1300 MHz) • 5 of these cavities are completely new for Project X (vs 2 for SNS, 1 for CBEAF) • Requires development of 7 different styles of cryomodules PASI WG6 Summary

14. 650 MHz CW Cavities and CMs are a design challenge • Modification of cryomodule design developed for ILC • …but must accommodate large (250 W) heat loads at 2 K • Lots of detailed engineering remains Blade Tuner End Tuner  Collab with India • CW mechanical cavity/tuner/He vessel design common issues PASI WG6 Summary

15. SRF Development at Daresbury – A Wheelhouse (STFC) • Develop SRF fabrication capability with Shakespeare Engineering (UK): • 3 cavities fabricated: • SN 01 processed and tested at Jlab • BCP processed – achieved 23 MV/m @ 1010 • SN 02 being processed and tested at Daresbury • BCP processed – problems being resolved with infrastructure • SN 03 successfully qualified at FNAL during 2012: • EP processed – achieved 25 MV/m @ 1.5 x 1010 • Further (tumble) processing completed; another test expected today • Cavity vendor qualification and surface processing R&D common issues PASI WG6 Summary

16. Wheelhouse 9-cell Fabrication Development • 3-year programme on-going • Cavity drawings complete • Tooling has been manufactured • Pressing trials being completed at Shakespeare with Copper: • Assessing repeatability and reproducibility • Niobium half cells to be pressed soon • Further beampipe spinning trials • Thicker sheets • SRF infrastructure development at Daresbury: • Automated BCP process • Automated HPR • It is hoped that FNAL can continue to assist in qualifying Shakespeare with this structure. 9-cell cavity drawings BCP facility • Cavity vendor qualification common issues HPR stand PASI WG6 Summary

17. Wheelhouse SRF Cryomodule Development • Lead design of a new, high current and world leading CM. • To educate and demonstrate effective: • Processing, • Handling, • Assembly, • Testing, • QA processes. • To integrate the new CM onto ALICE • Commission CM + cryogenics systems • To validate CM performance with beam Existing Cryomodule on ALICE ALICE ERL (New) Cryomodule • CW operation common issues PASI WG6 Summary

18. Nagaitsev 1300 MHz Development for ILC and PX • Accomplishments: • Improved cavity gradients and yield • ANL/FNAL EP facility: world class throughput & yield • 70 cavities ordered, many from U.S., 43 VTS tested, 20 cavities dressed • CM1 assembled (DESY kit) and cold test complete • Installing CM2, 1st high gradient U.S. Cryomodule (ave 31.5 MV/M = goal) • Parts for 4 more 1.3 GHz cryomodules purchased ( ARRA funds) • Extensive 1300 MHz infrastructure operational PASI WG6 Summary

19. SRF CM Integration @ DL McIntosh CW Coupler Testing CM Assembly Offline Cryogenic Testing PASI WG6 Summary

20. Collaboration Opportunities at DL McIntosh • Cryomodule installed and cooled to 2K • Optimisation presently being performed on the cryogenic system Evaluation Programme: • Establish gradient and Q0 • Measure Lorentz force detuning at high gradient • Performance measurements with piezo tuners • Determine DLLRF control limitations wrtQext • Evaluate the effect of beam loading with DLLRF, piezo control for various Qextlevels under pulsed and CW conditions • Characterise cavities in CW mode at high gradient: • Evaluate thermal transients across cavity string and 2-phase line • Synergies with PXIE operational requirements to be evaluated PASI WG6 Summary

21. RFQ Development @ RAL – A Letchford (STFC) • FETS RFQ to deliver a 3 MeV, 60 mA H- beam with an rmsemittanceof ~0.3 π mm mrad. • Pulsed RFQ operating up to 2 ms pulses at 50 Hz PRF. • 324 MHz chosen to make use of the readily available Toshiba pulsed klystron (J-PARC klystron). • Goal of FETS is to demonstrate beam chopping: • RFQ not required to be state of the art or necessarily push the boundaries of RFQ design. • Goal was to produce a reliable design with the ability to be fixed in event of failure. • ‘Integrated' design philosophy adopted: • single master RFQ CAD model used for all other simulation and modelling to ensure absolute consistency. PASI WG6 Summary

22. FETS RFQ Development Letchford ‘Clover leaf' 4-vane geometry with circular outer segmentsfor high shunt impedance. FETS RFQ output from multi particle simulation using measured LEBT input beam Construction – Bolted not Brazed Viton 3D seal PASI WG6 Summary

23. FETS RFQ Status Letchford Completed Engineering Design Final machining is underway • Possible opportunity to perform post-simulation analysis of the as-built performance PASI WG6 Summary

24. Test Facilities PASI WG6 Summary

25. Project X Injector Experiment (PXIE) Steve Holmes RFQ LEBT b=0.11 MEBT b=0.22 b=0.51 b=0.61 b=0.9 b=1.0 Pulsed RT CW Superconducting RFTechnology Map 325 MHz 10-177 MeV 1.3 GHz 3-8 GeV 650 MHz 0.18-3 GeV 162.5 MHz 0.03-11 MeV PXIE PASI WG6 Summary

26. PXIE Scope • Common interest in chopped beam absorbers, CW SRF • CW H- source delivering 5 mA at 30 keV • LEBT with beam pre-chopping • CW RFQ operating at 162.5 MHz and delivering 5 mA at 2.1 MeV • MEBT with integrated wide-band chopper and absorber • Capable of generating arbitrary bunch patterns at 162.5 MHz, and disposing of 4 mA average beam current • Low beta superconducting cryomodules: 1 mA to ~25 MeV • HWR and SSR1 • Beam dump capable of accommodating 2 mA at 25 MeV (50 kW) for extended periods. • Associated beam diagnostics, utilities and shielding • Extinction measurement to 10-9 (goal) April 5, 2013 PASI WG6 Summary

27. Common interest in chopped beam absorbers Data exist! PASI WG6 Summary

28. Advanced Accelerator Test Facilities at Daresbury Laboratory Peter McIntosh EMMA VELA ALICE PASI WG6 Summary

29. McIntosh New Cryomodule in ALICE • Common interest in CW SRF cryomodule design and operation PASI WG6 Summary

30. McIntosh VELA Transverse Deflecting Cavity Beam Diagnostic 3-cell TDC prototype (RI GmbH) • Common interest in (room temperature) deflecting cavity development with PrX PASI WG6 Summary

31. Industrializ(s)ation PASI WG6 Summary

32. Ginsburg FNAL SRF Cavity/CM Industrialization • ILC has provided a great opportunity for US SRF industrial development • Cavity fabrication andprocessing vendor development • Cavity/cryomodule value engineering exercises ongoing for future projects • Existing industrialization workshops (ILC) provide a resource for understanding cost reduction targets: niobium material, cavity fabrication, industry regional differences, CM fabrication • PAC10 Kyoto satellite meeting • http://ilcagenda.linearcollider.org/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=4530 • SRF2011 Chicago satellite meeting • http://ilcagenda.linearcollider.org/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=5182 TE1PAV001 PASI WG6 Summary

33. IARC: What is it? Holmes A partnership between Department of Energy and the State of Illinois To enable Fermilab to work more closely with industry and university partners on Accelerator Technology Development and Accelerator Education To develop new accelerator technology based products and high tech industries in the U.S. ( especially Illinois) • New IARC building and re-use of CDF assembly building and infrastructure • More than a dozen industries have expressed interest, the deep pit area is particularly interesting to them PASI WG6 Summary April 5, 2013

34. Illinois Accelerator Research Center Holmes March 26, 2013 • 48,000 gross square footage • 23,000 SF of Office Space (145 offices); 3,700 SF Light Tech Space • 3,900 SF New Lecture Hall (175 seats); 900 SF Meeting Rooms • New 250 car parking lot CDF Heavy Assembly bldg State funded Office Technical Engineering bldg PASI WG6 Summary April 5, 2013

35. IARC - Conclusions Holmes • Steady Progress on the IARC physical plant. 1st availability in FY15 for projects • Anticipate OHEP Accelerator Stewardship funds in FY15 to hire staff and fund the initial program (funding announcement) • Working on business model, DOE user facility designation • Important that we define the rules for Industry/users! • Even without a “formal” IARC program announcement there is lots of interest from Industry • Unique opportunity for Industry, Universities, Entrepreneurs See Web site IARC.fnal.gov • Many common features with UK lab-business partnerships PASI WG6 Summary April 5, 2013 35

36. Pattalwar LHC High Lumi Upgrade Crab Cavities • Crabbing foreseen as part of the high luminosity upgrade • Three cavity designs now being validated by int’l partners • Design validation with SPS • Cryomodule design in progress PASI WG6 Summary April 5, 2013 PASI WG6 Summary 36

37. Pattalwar LHC/SPS CC boundary conditions 1000mm 420mm • Cavity • Operating temperature, magnetic shielding, helium vessel, coupler interfaces (remove LOM, HOM), tuner mechanism, dynamic heat load… • LHC: two beam pipes, heat load due to beams, helium vessel geometry • SPS Layout: cramped space, third beam pipe, RF coupler orientation, integration • Cryogenic services • Cooling capacity at various temperatures, cooling processes, ports and interfaces, operating modes, … • Regulation and directives • Mechanical design, pressure relief, volumes, pipe sizes, methods of QC • Other • Lessons learned, schedule, cost, market 413mm 194 mm Triple tube cavity support system SPS by-pass line RF input coupler • US/UK collaboration opportunity PASI WG6 Summary

38. Collaboration Opportunities PASI WG6 Summary

39. Collaboration Opportunities (1/3) MICE (K. Ronald) • Key areas of collaboration currently ongoing, also heavily involving LBNL • FNAL testing of the first cavity and coupling coils • FNAL assembly of LBNL cavities in single cavity test module • Testing achievable gradient in no magnetic field, fringe field and flat field configurations • FNAL will test the RFCC coupling coils • Transfer of experience to RAL for MICE experiment • DL developing power amplifier and control systems- interface to cavity systems developed in US • RF distribution network designed in UK, procured in US • RAL will assemble hardware and expertise, perform the MICE experiment • MICE experiment will feed back into US interest in Muon Accelerators • Opportunities for further collaboration • Determination of muon phase and gradient history • Strathclyde, Imperial, Sheffield and DL currently looking at this problem PASI WG6 Summary

40. Collaboration Opportunities (2/3) • RFQ’s • Both the FETS and PXIE RFQ developments are well advanced, not much opportunity to collaborate on design issues. • However there’s an opportunity to perform post-simulation analysis of the performance achieved for both RFQ designs • Complete multi-physics (EM/thermal/particle-tracking) verification would be extremely beneficial to both FETS and PXIE. • Digital LLRF Collaborative Opportunities • Major developments at FNAL & STFC in DLLRF for new programmes • Ongoing collaboration LBNL/STFC • Use of open source architectures has big benefits • Excellent opportunity for collaboration in RF control, optimisation of feedback and feed forward algorithms, timing and synchronisation, etc of relevance to PXIE, PX, ALICE, VELA, MICE, FETS & ISIS Linac • Post doc in this area would be very beneficial PASI WG6 Summary

41. Collaboration Opportunities (3/3) • Beam chopping • FETS and PXIE both need similar power level chopped beam absorbers – could work on common design • CW SRF • Daresbury cryomodule now installed at ALICE and ready for beam characterisation – FNAL keen to take part, especially CW • LHC-HL upgrade crab cavities • Regulation and directives associated with cryogenic operation associated with mechanical design, pressure relief, volumes, pipe sizes, methods of QC • Industrialization • Cavity vendor qualification ongoing Daresbury-FNAL with future 9-cell opportunities • Business managers could talk to each other PASI WG6 Summary