1 / 35

Structural Anatomy of Fold and Thrust Belts

Structural Anatomy of Fold and Thrust Belts. By: Karenth Dworsky, Julia Mulhern, Danielle Lehle, Heather Judd. Moine thrust, Scotland, http://www.tectonique.net/. Intro/Vocabulary Review. Berg, 2011. Zagros Mountains, http://disc.gsfc.nasa.gov/geomorphology/GEO_2/GEO_PLATE_T-42.shtml.

kyrie
Download Presentation

Structural Anatomy of Fold and Thrust Belts

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Structural Anatomy of Fold and Thrust Belts By: Karenth Dworsky, Julia Mulhern, Danielle Lehle, Heather Judd Moine thrust, Scotland, http://www.tectonique.net/

  2. Intro/Vocabulary Review Berg, 2011 Zagros Mountains, http://disc.gsfc.nasa.gov/geomorphology/GEO_2/GEO_PLATE_T-42.shtml thrust sheet-defined as “a volume of rock bound below by a thrust fault” (Boyer and Elliot, 1982)

  3. 1) Detached Folding - caused by compression above a bedding-plane decollement 2) Fault-propagation Folding - caused by compression in front of a fault tip during fault propagation. 3) Fault-bend Folding- caused by bending of a fault-block as it rides over a non-planar fault surface Classes of Folding: (Berg, 2011)

  4. Detached Folds (Burg, 2011)

  5. Mississippi Fan Fold Belt (Rowan et al. 2004)

  6. Fault Propagation Folding Lost River Range, Idaho (Suppe and Medwedeff, 1990)

  7. Fault Propagation Folding: Niger Delta Fold Belt (Rown et al. 2004)

  8. Fault Propagation Folding: Fault Break-through (Suppe and Medwedeff, 1990)

  9. Fault Propagation Folds in the Field (Suppe and Medwedeff, 1990)

  10. Fault Propagation Folds in Seismic (Suppe and Medwedeff, 1990)

  11. Fault Bend Folding R. W. Allmendinger, 2008

  12. Thrust Ramp Geometry Oblique Ramp Frontal Ramp Lateral Ramp Direction of Transport (Cook, 2009)

  13. Growth of a Fault-Bend Fold Eohimalayan Fold and Thrust Belt, NW Himalaya, India http://www.fault-analysis-group.ucd.ie/papermodels/models/kyoto.jpg (Suppe, 1983)

  14. Fault Bend Folding in 3D... (Dahlstrom, 1970)

  15. Internal Deformation Classic FBF Suppe, 2004

  16. Pine Mountain, Appalachian Earth Structure 2nd ed., 2004

  17. Imbrication Imbricate System- thrusts that occur in conjunction with one another to create a series of thrusts sheets of similar shape and size that onlap each other. (Boyer and Elliot, 1982) (Mitra, 1986)

  18. Critical Wedge

  19. Duplexing (Averbauch and Mansy, 1998) (Burg, 2011)

  20. Moine Duplex System (Elliot and Johnson, 1980)

  21. Thin Skin vs. Thick Skin Deformation • Thin skinned deformation-crustal shortening involving only sedimentary cover due to basal decollement • Thick skinned deformation-crustal shortening involving basement rocks. Horizontal and vertical thickening (Burg, 2011)

  22. Types of Thrust Belts EarthStructure, 2nd ed., 2004

  23. Global Examples of Fold Belts http://www.freevector.com/globe-map

  24. Subduction Zones: The Andes http://www.optics.rochester.edu/workgroups/cml/opt307/spr12/nandini/index.html

  25. Cross Section of the Andes (Ramos, 2009)

  26. Continent-Continent Collision: The Himalayas http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/education/dynamic/session4/sess4_himalayas.htm

  27. Satellite View of the Himalayas http://www.cliffshade.com/colorado/tectonics.htm

  28. Cross Section of the Himalayas (Yeats, 1992)

  29. Salt Detached Buckle Folds: Zagros http://www.thunderbolts.info/tpod/2007/arch07/071001zagrosmountains.htm

  30. (Alavi, 2007)

  31. Cross Section of Zagros (Sarkarinejad, 2008)

  32. Alberta-Montana Thrust Sheet: Duplex System with Fault Bend Folding http://bio-geo-terms.blogspot.com/2007/09/duplex.html

  33. Cross Section of the Lewis Fault (Van Dijk, 2002)

  34. Sevier Fold Belt EarthStructure, 2nd ed., 2004

  35. References: Averbuch, O., and Mansy, J. L., 1998, The ‘Basse-Normandie’ duplex (Boulonnais, N France): evidence for an out-of-sequence thrusting overprint: Journal of Structural Geology, v. 20, no. 1, p. 33-42. Boyer, S. E., and Elliott, D., 1982, Thrust systems: AAPG Bulletin-American Association of Petroleum Geologists, v. 66, no. 9, p. 1196-1229. Burg, Jean Pierre. 2011. Thrust System Presentation, Universitat Zurich, Switzerlandhttp://www.files.ethz.ch/structuralgeology/JPB/index.html Butler, Rob. 2012. The Moine Thrust Belt: An introduction to important sites. http://www.see.leeds.ac.uk/structure/mtb/index.htm Cook, B.S. and Thomas, W., 2009, Superposed lateral ramps in the Pell City thrust sheet, Appalachian thrust belt, Alabama: Journal of Structural Geology, v. 31, no. 9, p. 941-949. Dahlstrom, C.D.A., 1970, Structural geology in the eastern margin of the Canadian Rocky mountains. Canad. Petrol. Geol. Bull. 18:332-406. de Vera, J., J. Gines, M. Oehlers, K. McClay, and J. Doski., 2009, Structure of the Zagros fold and thrust belt in the Kurdistan Region, northern Iraq. Trabajos de Geología, Universidad de Oviedo, 29, p. 213-217. Web. <http://www.geol.uniovi.es/TDG/Volumen29/TG29-39.PDF>. Medwedeff, D. A., 1989, Growth of fault bend folding at southeast Lost Hills, San Joaquin Valley, California: Aapg Bulletin-American Association of Petroleum Geologists, v. 73, no. 1, p. 54-67. Mitra, S., 1990, Fault - propagation folds: Geometry, kinematic evolution, and hydrocarbon traps: AAPG Bulletin- American Association of Petroleum Geologists, v. 74, no. 6, p. 921-945. Sarkarinejad, K., Azizi, A. Slip partitioning and inclined dextral transpression along the Zagros Thrust System, 2008, Journal of Structural Geology, v 30, no. 1, p 116-136, ISSN 0191-8141, 10.1016/j.jsg.2007.10.001. (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0191814107001988) Shaw, J. H. and J. Suppe, 1996, "Earthquake hazards of active blind-thrust faults under the central Los Angeles Basin, California." Journal of Geophysical Research 101 (B4): 8623-8642. Shaw, J. H., 1998, "Cracking Los Angeles." Nature 394(6691): 320-321. Suppe, J., 1983, Geometry and kinematics of fault-bend folding: American Journal of Science, v. 283, no. 7, p. 684-721. Suppe, J., and Medwedeff, D. A., 1990, Geometry and kinematics of fault- propagation folding Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae, v. 83, no. 3, p. 409-454. Suppe, J., Connors, C., and Zhang, Y., 2004, Shear fault-bend folding, in K. R. McClay, ed., Thrust tectonics and hydrocarbon systems: AAPG Memoir 82, p. 303-323. Earth Structures, 2nd ed., 2004, W.W. Norton & Co., New York. Yeats, R.S., T. Nakata, A. Farah, M. Fort, M.A. Mirza, M.R. Pandey, and R.S. Stein. 1992, The Himalayan Frontal Fault System., Annales Tectonicae, v 6, p. 85-98. Web. <http://profile.usgs.gov/myscience/upload_folder/ci2010Jun2113312842966Yeats et al Annales Tectonicae 1992.pdf>.

More Related