BR-main

1. BR-main Before Reading 1. Spot Dictation 2. Word-web 3. Background Information 4. Warm-up Questions 5. Discussion 6. Topic-related Prediction

2. avoid causing ___________ embarrassment _____________. _________________ _______________________________ BR1- Warm-up Questions Spot Dictation Directions: Listen to the following and fill in the blanks. White lies are those little lies that we tell to Can we live without them? On the one hand, we don't want to . But on the other, we don't want to lie to them. There is, however, ,as you will discover in the short talk you are about to hear. White lies are so much a part of our everyday lives that most of us probably don't even realize when we've . But it doesn't really matter, since hurt other people's feelings ______________________ a way out of the dilemma ____________________ let one slip _________ a white lie isn't a real lie ___________________ . staring into space or Of course , white lies can be avoided by , but so often the "if you can't say anything nice, don't say anything at all” motto doesn't work because pretending you didn't hear the question ____________________________ . we are expected to say something ■

3. LIE BR1-word web Word-web Directions: Figure out the expressions with the word “lie”. a bold-faced lie a barefaced lie 厚颜无耻的谎言 露骨的谎言 a downright lie nail a lie 彻头彻尾的谎言 拆穿谎言 a monstrous lie live a lie 弥天大谎 做人虚伪 a black lie a white lie 用心险恶的谎言 善意的谎言

4. BR1- WatergateScandal1 Background Information WatergateScandal "Watergate" is a general term used to describe a complex web of political scandals between 1972 and 1974. The word specifically refers to the Watergate Hotel, one of the plushest hotels in Washington D.C. "Watergate" has entered the political lexicon as a term synonymous with corruption and scandal. It was here that the Watergate Burglars broke into the Democratic Party's National Committee offices on June 17, 1972. The story of Watergate has an intriguing historical and political background, arising out of political events of the 1960s. But the chronology of the scandal really begins during 1972, when the burglars were arrested. By 1973, Richard Nixon had been re-elected President, but the storm clouds were building. By early 1974, the nation was consumed by Watergate. Nixon made three major speeches on the Watergate scandal during 1973 and 1974. ■

5. BR1- WatergateScandal2

6. BR1- WatergateScandal3 Political investigations began in February 1973 when the Senate established a Committee to investigate the Watergate scandal. The Committee uncovered the existence of the secret White House tape recordings, sparking a major political and legal battle between the Congress and the President. In 1974, the House of Representatives authorized the Judiciary Committee to consider impeachment proceedings against Nixon. Nixon's last days in office came in late July and early August, 1974. The House Judiciary Committee voted to accept three of four proposed Articles of Impeachment of the President. The final blow came with the decision by the Supreme Court to order Nixon to release more White House tapes. Around the country, there were calls for Nixon to resign.

7. BR1- WatergateScandal 4 At 9 pm on the evening of August 8, 1974, Nixon delivered a nationally televised resignation speech. The next morning, he made his final remarks to the White House staff before sending his resignation letter to the Secretary of State, Dr. Henry Kissinger. The Watergate brought down Richard Nixon, and had profound consequences in the United States. Nixon died in 1994 and was eulogized by the political establishment, although he was still a figure of controversy.

8. BR1- WatergateScandal 4

9. WatergateScandal 5

10. WatergateScandal 6

11. BR1- Deep Throat Deep Throat — the follow-up of the Watergate Scandal For more than 30 years, Washington Post reporters Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein preserved an extraordinary secret: the identity of the source known as Deep Throat, who helped inform the stories The Post published in 1972 and 1973 exposing what became known as the Watergate Scandal. They kept the secret despite extraordinary pressure on The Post from the White House, including charges that Deep Throat was an invention; through the hearings and impeachment proceedings that led to President Richard M. Nixon's resignation in August 1974; and despite endless speculation about the source's identity in the years afterward. Mr. Woodward, now a Post editor, and Mr. Bernstein, who no longer works here, said that they had made a commitment not to reveal Deep Throat's identity until after his death. W. Mark Felt, former deputy director of the FBI, confirmed that he was Deep Throat. He revealed his role in part because of his family's belief that he deserves to be honored for his actions while he is alive. ■

12. BR1- Deep Throat 2 Mr. Felt, now 91, was a dedicated servant of the FBI, and no softie: He was outraged that the Nixon White House brazenly interfered with the FBI's investigation of the burglary of Democratic Party headquarters in June 1972 and by what he saw as Mr. Nixon's attempt to gain control over the FBI for political purposes. Risking dismissal or prosecution, he began meeting with Mr. Woodward secretly to confirm The Post's reporting about the funding of the operation and about other illegal acts by the president's top aides. Deep Throat was crucial to the paper's reporting of Watergate. Had Mr. Felt remained quiet, Mr. Nixon might have succeeded in one of the most serious abuses of power ever attempted by an American president. It's worth remembering that this landmark victory for the rule of law also depended on the secret patriotism of a source named Deep Throat — that is, Mark Felt. It's nice to be able to honor him by his real name while he still lives.

13. BR1- Deep Throat 3 Richard Nixon’s China Tour On February 21，1972，American President Richard Nixon's special plane arrived at the Beijing Capital Airport，greeted by Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai. Zhou said to Nixon：”You are extending your hand across the vastest ocean of the world for a handshake with me. There has been no exchange between our two nations for 25 years.” Nixon said: “This is a handshake by the Chinese and US leaders across an ocean and a confrontation of 20-odd years，signaling the opening of a new chapter in the Sino-US relationship.” ■

14. BR2- Deep Throat 4 On the day when Nixon arrived in Beijing, Chairman Mao Zedong met him and they talked for more than an hour. The Chinese and US sides agreed to use “serious and frank” to describe the talks between Mao and Nixon. The two sides put forward their common grounds as well as differences in the Shanghai Communique, an unprecedented practice in world diplomacy. President Richard Nixon's ice-breaking China tour shook the world.

15. BR2-warmup Warm-up Questions 1. 2. 3. Have you ever had the feeling that you were compelled to tell lies, though you did not want to? If yes, under what conditions are you inclined to lie? How do you feel after you tell such lies? Some people say that white lies are not lies. What is your position on this issue? Do you consider white lies necessary in social life?

16. BR2-discussion Discussion Suppose you are in trouble. When your parents call you and ask how you are, will you tell them a lie by saying that you are fine or tell them the truth? Discuss in pairs or in groups. 1. Tips: 2. It was reported that a son gave one of his kidneys to his mother who had to receive kidney transplantation to survive, but he told her a white lie that the transplanted kidney was another person’s or donator’s. He said that he would not tell her the truth until the last minute of her life. Discuss in groups on the topic whether he is a great son because of his conduct.

17. BR2- discussion2 A: I tell lies to my parents in such cases because I do not want them to worry about me. When I am in trouble, I try to deal with it myself. It is no use telling them the truth. If I tell them that I am ill, or depressed, or something, they will be uneasy. They may even come to the school to see me, which will influence their work. Telling a white lie by saying “I am fine, terrific, or excellent” will make them feel at ease, and make me more mature to handle my own problems. After all, I am an adult now. B: I will not tell such white lies. If I am in trouble or ill, I will tell my parents the truth, but in the meanwhile, I will tell them not to worry about me. No matter what the trouble is, I myself can cope with it, because I have the ability to do so. Telling them the truth and assuring them of your ability to solve your own problems is much better than telling the so-called white lies. The white lies may bring no harm to your parents, but they do a great harm to yourself. You may form the habit of telling not only the white lies but also real lies. In a word, white lies erode your honesty.

18. BR2-topic related Topic-related Prediction 1. 2. From the title “The Truth about Lying”, what can you infer the “truth” might be? What might be the author’s attitude towards “white lies”? (Positive or negative)

19. GR-MAIN Global Reading 1. Part Division of the Text 2. Further Understanding For Part 1 Questions and Answers For Part 2 Table Completion For Part 3 True or False 3. Text Analysis

20. GR-Part Division of the Text Part Division of the Text Parts Lines Main Ideas The reason why the writer finds it difficult to write on the subject of lying and how she is going to deal with the difficulty in composing the essay. 1 1~8 The writer discusses four types of lies and tells us what she thinks about them respectively. 2 9~117 How the author feels we should cope with the question of whether or not to lie. 3 118~130

21. Questions and Answers Questions and Answers 1. How does the author begin the passage? He begins the passage by telling the readers his feelings about the subject of lying: he found the topic interesting, challenging, difficult, thought-provoking, and puzzling. 2. Which sentence in the first part of the text tells us the author’s purpose of his writing this passage? The last two sentences but one of the first paragraph: I’d like to present a series of moral puzzles, all concerned with lying. I’ll tell you what I think about them.

22. GR-Table Completion Table Completion In this part, the author listed four types of lies, and respectively, gave their definitions, the views of the majority, her own viewpoints, counter-arguments, and examples. Scan this part and fill the following table. Directions: 1. Social lies Lies that avoid embarrassment or pain in social interaction. Definition The view of the majority Acceptable and necessary. I basically agree with the majority. My (The author’s) viewpoint Counter-arguments False, morally wrong; They destroys credibility. Comments on ugly hairdo, hideous presents, homely kids, warmed-over coffee. Examples

23. GR-Table completion 2. Peace-keeping lies Lies that are designed to avoid irritation or argument. Definition Many people tell such lies to avoid troubles without hurting anyone. They consider such lies wise. The view of the majority I’tell such lies though feeling guilty. My (The author’s) viewpoint People who tell such lies are cowards, dodging their responsibilities. Counter-arguments The exchange between Dave and Elaine; Laura’s point of view. Examples

24. Table Completion 3. Protective lies Lies that are supposed to be in the interests of the person we are lying to. Definition The view of the majority It is justifiable and more valuable to tell such lies. Such lies sometimes must be told. My (The author’s) viewpoint Counter-arguments It’s wrong to tell such lies. The lies break trust. Lying to the dying about their health state, to one’s children on marital matters, etc. Examples

25. Table Completion 4. Trust-keeping lies Definition Lies that are told to keep a trust. The view of the majority They must lie to keep their promises. Some lies are necessary and acceptable, while others are not. My (The author’s) viewpoint Telling such lies can be painful. People do not want to be told the truth/fact. Counter-arguments Examples Fran’s attitude; Watergate.

26. GR-True or False1.1 True or False Directions: In this part the author put forth his general attitude about telling lies. Scan this part and decide whether the following statements are true or false. All of us are born with the talent for telling lies. ( ) F 1. There are those who have no talent for lying. 2. The author’s friend (Para. 38) felt that he/she had to tell the truth because he seldom succeeded in lying and felt guilty about lying. ( ) T 3. It is implied in the remark of the author’s friend (Para. 39) that lying should never be our first choice. ( ) T

27. GR-True or False1.2 The explanation the author’s friend made about his/her telling lies suggests that all lies are justifiable and therefore acceptable. 4. ( ) F The author’s friend said that he himself did not accept the lies he told even though others might accept them completely. 5. In the author’s opinion, those who tell lies should not take lying for granted. ( ) T

28. GR- text analysis Text Analysis Directions: In this text the author uses the rhetorical device: parallelism. Parallelism is the use of identical or equivalent syntactic constructions in corresponding clauses. Parallelism makes a text coherent and the language forceful and impressive. For example, “What about you?” (L.15, L.37, L.45, L.72, L.92, L.105, L.117, L.130) Scan the text and find other sentences (or structures) that are paralleled.

29. Text Analysis “Will you say to people, … ( ) L.16 “Will you praise…” ( ) L.19 “Will you decline…” ( ) L.20 “Do you, …” ( ) L.47, L. 49, L. 51, LL. 64—67 “They may lie to…” ( ) L. 79—81 “Do you believe…” ( ) L.106—L.110

30. Text Before you read this essay, take a few moments to consider various lies you have told: Under what conditions are you tempted to lie? When have you actually lied? Why did you do so? Can you generalize about the types of lies you habitually tell? Are you irritated when people lie to you? In what circumstances might lying be acceptable? Once you begin to think about it, it seems that the truth about lying is not quite as straightforward as one might suppose.

31. Text Before you read this essay, take a few moments to consider various lies you have told: Under what conditions are you tempted to lie? When have you actually lied? Why did you do so? Can you generalize about the types of lies you habitually tell? Are you irritated when people lie to you? In what circumstances might lying be acceptable? Once you begin to think about it, it seems that the truth about lying is not quite as straightforward as one might suppose.

32. Tempt tempt: vt. attract, lure Before you read this essay, take a few moments to consider various lies you have told: Under what conditions are you tempted to lie? When have you actually lied? Why did you do so? Can you generalize about the types of lies you habitually tell? Are you irritated when people lie to you? In what circumstances might lying be acceptable? Once you begin to think about it, it seems that the truth about lying is not quite as straightforward as one might suppose. The warm sun tempted us to go swimming. 又一道菜吸引了我们，但我们还是拒绝了。 A second helping tempted us, but we refused the offer. Pattern: be tempted to do sth. 很想做某事 He was tempted to walk out after supper. 我很想问问刚才发生了什么事。 I am tempted to ask what happened just now.

33. Generalize make a general statement (about); form an opinion after considering a small number of facts generalize: vt. Before you read this essay, take a few moments to consider various lies you have told: Under what conditions are you tempted to lie? When have you actually lied? Why did you do so? Can you generalize about the types of lies you habitually tell? Are you irritated when people lie to you? In what circumstances might lying be acceptable? Once you begin to think about it, it seems that the truth about lying is not quite as straightforward as one might suppose. Don’t generalize; it isn’t fair to say all women drivers are bad just because one knocked you known. 你遇到三个有钱的中国商人就匆忙下结论说所有的中国人都富有，这是不对的。 It is wrong for you to generalize hastily that all the Chinese are wealthy after you meet three rich Chinese businessmen.

34. TEXT-S-1 The Truth about Lying Judith Viorst I've been wanting to write on a subject that intrigues and challenges me: the subject of lying. I've found it very difficult to do. Everyone I've talked to has a quite intense and personal but often rather intolerant point of view about what we can — and can never never — tell lies about. I've finally reached the conclusion that I can't present any ultimate conclusions, for too many people would promptly disagree. Instead, I'd like to present a series of moral puzzles, all concerned with lying. I'll tell you what I think about them. Do you agree? Social Lies Most of the people I've talked with say that they find social lying acceptable and necessary. They think it's the civilized way for folks to behave. Without these little white lies, they say, our relationships would be short and brutish and nasty. It's arrogant, they say, to insist on being so incorruptible and so brave that you cause other people unnecessary embarrassment or pain by compulsively assailing them with your honesty. I basically agree. What about you?

35. TEXT-W-1 The Truth about Lying Judith Viorst I've been wanting to write on a subject that intrigues and challenges me: the subject of lying. I've found it very difficult to do. Everyone I've talked to has a quite intense and personal but often rather intolerant point of view about what we can — and can never never — tell lies about. I've finally reached the conclusion that I can't present any ultimate conclusions, for too many people would promptly disagree. Instead, I'd like to present a series of moral puzzles, all concerned with lying. I'll tell you what I think about them. Do you agree? Social Lies Most of the people I've talked with say that they find social lying acceptable and necessary. They think it's the civilized way for folks to behave. Without these little white lies, they say, our relationships would be short and brutish and nasty. It's arrogant, they say, to insist on being so incorruptible and so brave that you cause other people unnecessary embarrassment or pain by compulsivelyassailing them with your honesty. I basically agree. What about you?

36. TEXT-S-1.1 The Truth about Lying Judith Viorst I've been wanting to write on a subject that intrigues and challenges me: the subject of lying. I've found it very difficult to do. Everyone I've talked to has a quite intense and personal but often rather intolerant point of view about what we can — and can never never — tell lies about. I've finally reached the conclusion that I can't present any ultimate conclusions, for too many people would promptly disagree. Instead, I'd like to present a series of moral puzzles, all concerned with lying. I'll tell you what I think about them. Do you agree? 1. Why is the second “never” in the sentence italicized? The second “never” is italicized for emphasis. 2. Paraphrase the sentence. As to what we can tell lies about and what we can never tell lies about, all the people I have talked with have their own strong viewpoints and cannot tolerate those who hold different views from them. 3. Translate the sentence into Chinese. 所有我交谈过的人都对什么事情可以说谎 —— 什么事情绝对不可以说谎 —— 持有强烈的、常常不容别人分说的个人意见。 Most of the people I've talked with say that they find social lying acceptable and necessary. They think it's the civilized way for folks to behave. Without these little white lies, they say, our relationships would be short and brutish and nasty. It's arrogant, they say, to insist on being so incorruptible and so brave that you cause other people unnecessary embarrassment or pain by compulsively assailing them with your honesty. I basically agree. What about you?

37. TEXT-S-1.2 The Truth about Lying Judith Viorst I've been wanting to write on a subject that intrigues and challenges me: the subject of lying. I've found it very difficult to do. Everyone I've talked to has a quite intense and personal but often rather intolerant point of view about what we can — and can never never — tell lies about. I've finally reached the conclusion that I can't present any ultimate conclusions, for too many people would promptly disagree. Instead, I'd like to present a series of moral puzzles, all concerned with lying. I'll tell you what I think about them. Do you agree? 1. What does “it” refer to here? it 是形式主语，实际主语是 to insist on… with your honesty。 2. Translate the sentence into Chinese. 他们说，如果你要做到十二分正直、十二分无畏，不由自主地用你的诚实使他们陷入不必要的窘境或痛苦之中，这只能说你是傲慢？ Most of the people I've talked with say that they find social lying acceptable and necessary. They think it's the civilized way for folks to behave. Without these little white lies, they say, our relationships would be short and brutish and nasty. It's arrogant, they say, to insist on being so incorruptible and so brave that you cause other people unnecessary embarrassment or pain by compulsively assailing them with your honesty. I basically agree. What about you?

38. TEXT-W-intrigue The Truth about Lying Judith Viorst intrigue: I've been wanting to write on a subject that intrigues and challenges me: the subject of lying. I've found it very difficult to do. Everyone I've talked to has a quite intense and personal but often rather intolerant point of view about what we can — and can never never — tell lies about. I've finally reached the conclusion that I can't present any ultimate conclusions, for too many people would promptly disagree. Instead, I'd like to present a series of moral puzzles, all concerned with lying. I'll tell you what I think about them. Do you agree? 1) vt. arouse the interest or curiosity of; fascinate, puzzle Hibernation has long intrigued biologists. The food is an intriguing combination of German and French. 这条新闻引起了我们大家的兴趣。 The news intrigued all of us. Social Lies 2) vi. make a secret plan; engage in secret or underhand schemes; plot The ministers were intriguing for their own gains. Most of the people I've talked with say that they find social lying acceptable and necessary. They think it's the civilized way for folks to behave. Without these little white lies, they say, our relationships would be short and brutish and nasty. It's arrogant, they say, to insist on being so incorruptible and so brave that you cause other people unnecessary embarrassment or pain by compulsivelyassailing them with your honesty. I basically agree. What about you? 那些政客因阴谋反对政府而被监禁。 Those politicians were imprisoned for intriguing against the government.

39. TEXT-W-intrigue 2 The Truth about Lying Judith Viorst I've been wanting to write on a subject that intrigues and challenges me: the subject of lying. I've found it very difficult to do. Everyone I've talked to has a quite intense and personal but often rather intolerant point of view about what we can — and can never never — tell lies about. I've finally reached the conclusion that I can't present any ultimate conclusions, for too many people would promptly disagree. Instead, I'd like to present a series of moral puzzles, all concerned with lying. I'll tell you what I think about them. Do you agree? Collocation: intrigue against the government 密谋反对政府 intrigue with 与…合谋 intrigue sb. out of office 用阴谋革除某人职位 Most of the people I've talked with say that they find social lying acceptable and necessary. They think it's the civilized way for folks to behave. Without these little white lies, they say, our relationships would be short and brutish and nasty. It's arrogant, they say, to insist on being so incorruptible and so brave that you cause other people unnecessary embarrassment or pain by compulsivelyassailing them with your honesty. I basically agree. What about you?

40. TEXT-W-intolerant The Truth about Lying Judith Viorst I've been wanting to write on a subject that intrigues and challenges me: the subject of lying. I've found it very difficult to do. Everyone I've talked to has a quite intense and personal but often rather intolerant point of view about what we can — and can never never — tell lies about. I've finally reached the conclusion that I can't present any ultimate conclusions, for too many people would promptly disagree. Instead, I'd like to present a series of moral puzzles, all concerned with lying. I'll tell you what I think about them. Do you agree? intolerant: adj. unable or unwilling to endure He was intolerant of ignorance. 青蛙经受不住严寒的天气。 Frogs are intolerant of severe cold weather. CF: intolerable & intolerant 这两个词都是形容词，词根都是tolerate, 但词义不同。 intolerable是“令人无法忍受的”，近义词为“unbearable”。例如： His behavior at the dinner party is intolerable. Most of the people I've talked with say that they find social lying acceptable and necessary. They think it's the civilized way for folks to behave. Without these little white lies, they say, our relationships would be short and brutish and nasty. It's arrogant, they say, to insist on being so incorruptible and so brave that you cause other people unnecessary embarrassment or pain by compulsivelyassailing them with your honesty. I basically agree. What about you? 他在晚宴上的行为令人难以忍受。 intolerant为“不宽容的, 偏狭的”，近义词为“bigoted, impatient”。 例如： The man is intolerant of opposition. 这个人不能容忍别人反对他。

41. TEXT-W-ultimate The Truth about Lying Judith Viorst I've been wanting to write on a subject that intrigues and challenges me: the subject of lying. I've found it very difficult to do. Everyone I've talked to has a quite intense and personal but often rather intolerant point of view about what we can — and can never never — tell lies about. I've finally reached the conclusion that I can't present any ultimate conclusions, for too many people would promptly disagree. Instead, I'd like to present a series of moral puzzles, all concerned with lying. I'll tell you what I think about them. Do you agree? ultimate: adj. 1) final, eventual, last We are hoping for the ultimate victory. 工会领导人宣称他们斗争的最终目的是要增加工人工资和改善工作条件。 The union leaders declared that the ultimate aim of their struggle was to get pay increase and improved working conditions for the workers. 2) fundamental; elemental Most of the people I've talked with say that they find social lying acceptable and necessary. They think it's the civilized way for folks to behave. Without these little white lies, they say, our relationships would be short and brutish and nasty. It's arrogant, they say, to insist on being so incorruptible and so brave that you cause other people unnecessary embarrassment or pain by compulsivelyassailing them with your honesty. I basically agree. What about you? It is an ultimate truth that Tibet is a part of China. 3) utmost; extreme He felt the ultimate insult when she said such words to him.

42. TEXT-W-civilized The Truth about Lying Judith Viorst I've been wanting to write on a subject that intrigues and challenges me: the subject of lying. I've found it very difficult to do. Everyone I've talked to has a quite intense and personal but often rather intolerant point of view about what we can — and can never never — tell lies about. I've finally reached the conclusion that I can't present any ultimate conclusions, for too many people would promptly disagree. Instead, I'd like to present a series of moral puzzles, all concerned with lying. I'll tell you what I think about them. Do you agree? civilized: adj. 1) showing moral and intellectual advancement; humane, ethical, and reasonable 恐怖分子袭击纽约的世贸中心震惊了整个文明世界。 The terrorists attacking the World Trade Center in New York shocked the civilized world. 2) cultured; polished; polite and good-mannered Such a civilized behavior is praiseworthy. Most of the people I've talked with say that they find social lying acceptable and necessary. They think it's the civilized way for folks to behave. Without these little white lies, they say, our relationships would be short and brutish and nasty. It's arrogant, they say, to insist on being so incorruptible and so brave that you cause other people unnecessary embarrassment or pain by compulsivelyassailing them with your honesty. I basically agree. What about you?

43. TEXT-W-arrogant The Truth about Lying Judith Viorst I've been wanting to write on a subject that intrigues and challenges me: the subject of lying. I've found it very difficult to do. Everyone I've talked to has a quite intense and personal but often rather intolerant point of view about what we can — and can never never — tell lies about. I've finally reached the conclusion that I can't present any ultimate conclusions, for too many people would promptly disagree. Instead, I'd like to present a series of moral puzzles, all concerned with lying. I'll tell you what I think about them. Do you agree? arrogant: adj. unpleasantly self-important, over-proud The nobleman has an arrogant contempt for the weak. 老板的儿子对所有的雇员都傲慢无礼。 The boss’s son was arrogant to all the employees. Most of the people I've talked with say that they find social lying acceptable and necessary. They think it's the civilized way for folks to behave. Without these little white lies, they say, our relationships would be short and brutish and nasty. It's arrogant, they say, to insist on being so incorruptible and so brave that you cause other people unnecessary embarrassment or pain by compulsivelyassailing them with your honesty. I basically agree. What about you?

44. TEXT-W-incorruptibe The Truth about Lying Judith Viorst I've been wanting to write on a subject that intrigues and challenges me: the subject of lying. I've found it very difficult to do. Everyone I've talked to has a quite intense and personal but often rather intolerant point of view about what we can — and can never never — tell lies about. I've finally reached the conclusion that I can't present any ultimate conclusions, for too many people would promptly disagree. Instead, I'd like to present a series of moral puzzles, all concerned with lying. I'll tell you what I think about them. Do you agree? incorruptible: adj. honest and upright The president ordered that all his subordinates should be incorruptible. 史密斯先生是一个廉正不阿的人。 Mr. Smith is a man of incorruptible integrity. Most of the people I've talked with say that they find social lying acceptable and necessary. They think it's the civilized way for folks to behave. Without these little white lies, they say, our relationships would be short and brutish and nasty. It's arrogant, they say, to insist on being so incorruptible and so brave that you cause other people unnecessary embarrassment or pain by compulsivelyassailing them with your honesty. I basically agree. What about you?

45. TEXT-W-compulsive The Truth about Lying Judith Viorst compulsive: adj. caused or conditioned by compulsion or obsession I've been wanting to write on a subject that intrigues and challenges me: the subject of lying. I've found it very difficult to do. Everyone I've talked to has a quite intense and personal but often rather intolerant point of view about what we can — and can never never — tell lies about. I've finally reached the conclusion that I can't present any ultimate conclusions, for too many people would promptly disagree. Instead, I'd like to present a series of moral puzzles, all concerned with lying. I'll tell you what I think about them. Do you agree? Compulsive drinking is bad for one's health. 这项研究得出结论：美国大约共有四百四十万嗜赌成瘾者。 The study concluded that there are about 4.4 million compulsive gamblers altogether in the U.S. Pattern: have a compulsive desire to do sth. 情不自禁想做某事 NB: compulsive 和compulsory 都是形容词，词根相同且形似，但意义不同。前者指 “随心所欲、不加节制的”；后者指 “强制的、必须的”。例如： Most of the people I've talked with say that they find social lying acceptable and necessary. They think it's the civilized way for folks to behave. Without these little white lies, they say, our relationships would be short and brutish and nasty. It's arrogant, they say, to insist on being so incorruptible and so brave that you cause other people unnecessary embarrassment or pain by compulsivelyassailing them with your honesty. I basically agree. What about you? compulsive smoking 不加节制的吸烟 compulsive gambler 嗜赌成瘾者 compulsory education 义务教育 compulsory course 必修课程

46. TEXT-W-assail The Truth about Lying Judith Viorst I've been wanting to write on a subject that intrigues and challenges me: the subject of lying. I've found it very difficult to do. Everyone I've talked to has a quite intense and personal but often rather intolerant point of view about what we can — and can never never — tell lies about. I've finally reached the conclusion that I can't present any ultimate conclusions, for too many people would promptly disagree. Instead, I'd like to present a series of moral puzzles, all concerned with lying. I'll tell you what I think about them. Do you agree? assail: vt. 1) attack violently The army assailed the town before the daybreak. 2) cause sb. to experience unpleasant thoughts or feelings; trouble He was assailed with worries about his son’s illness. Most of the people I've talked with say that they find social lying acceptable and necessary. They think it's the civilized way for folks to behave. Without these little white lies, they say, our relationships would be short and brutish and nasty. It's arrogant, they say, to insist on being so incorruptible and so brave that you cause other people unnecessary embarrassment or pain by compulsivelyassailing them with your honesty. I basically agree. What about you?

47. TEXT-s-2 Will you say to people, when it simply isn't true, "I like your new hairdo," "You're looking much better," "it's so nice to see you," "I had a wonderful time"? Will you praise hideous presents and homely kids? Will you decline invitations with "We're busy that night — so sorry we can't come," when the truth is you'd rather stay home than dine with the so-and-sos? And even though, as I do, you may prefer the polite evasion of "You really cooked up a storm" instead of "The soup" — which tastes like warmed-over coffee — "is wonderful," will you, if you must, proclaim it wonderful?

48. Text –w0-2 Will you say to people, when it simply isn't true, "I like your new hairdo," "You're looking much better," "it's so nice to see you," "I had a wonderful time"? Will you praise hideous presents and homely kids? Will you decline invitations with "We're busy that night — so sorry we can't come," when the truth is you'd rather stay home than dine with the so-and-sos? And even though, as I do, you may prefer the polite evasion of "You really cooked up a storm" instead of "The soup" — which tastes like warmed-over coffee — "is wonderful," will you, if you must, proclaim it wonderful?

49. Text-s-1 Will you say to people, when it simply isn't true, "I like your new hairdo," "You're looking much better," "it's so nice to see you," "I had a wonderful time"? 1. What does “up a storm” mean? With great enthusiasm and energy. Will you praise hideous presents and homely kids? Will you decline invitations with "We're busy that night — so sorry we can't come," when the truth is you'd rather stay home than dine with the so-and-sos? 2. Paraphrase the sentence. You have prepared a large and impressive meal. And even though, as I do, you may prefer the polite evasion of "You really cooked up a storm" instead of "The soup" — which tastes like warmed-over coffee — "is wonderful," will you, if you must, proclaim it wonderful?

50. TEXT-W-hideous Will you say to people, when it simply isn't true, "I like your new hairdo," "You're looking much better," "it's so nice to see you," "I had a wonderful time"? having a terrible effect on the senses, esp. shocking to the eyes or ears hideous: adj. Will you praise hideous presents and homely kids? Will you decline invitations with "We're busy that night — so sorry we can't come," when the truth is you'd rather stay home than dine with the so-and-sos? He suffered a hideous fate when the enemy caught him. 昨天我做实验时听到附近建筑工地上传来可怕的噪音。 When I was doing my experiment yesterday, I heard hideous noises from the nearby construction site. Social Lies And even though, as I do, you may prefer the polite evasion of "You really cooked up a storm" instead of "The soup" — which tastes like warmed-over coffee — "is wonderful," will you, if you must, proclaim it wonderful?