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We will study four phyla of fungi classified by their structure and method of reproduction

A mushroom goes into a bar. The bartender looks at him and says, “get out of here, we don’t serve your kind.” The mushroom says to the bartender, “Why not, I’m a FUN GUY!”. We will study four phyla of fungi classified by their structure and method of reproduction Zygomycota Ascomycota

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We will study four phyla of fungi classified by their structure and method of reproduction

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  1. A mushroom goes into a bar. The bartender looks at him and says, “get out of here, we don’t serve your kind.” The mushroom says to the bartender, “Why not, I’m a FUN GUY!”

  2. We will study four phyla of fungi classified by their structure and method of reproduction • Zygomycota • Ascomycota • Basidiomycota • Deuteromycota (not pictured) Slime molds

  3. Characteristics of all fungi • Heterotrophs • Eukaryotic • Multicellular (except yeast) • Cell wall made of chitin • External digestion of food • Main body is haploid Fungi can be • Decomposers (saprobes) • Parasites • Carnivores • Mutualistic (beneficial)

  4. Did you know that each year the Mycological Society of San Francisco hosts one or two mushroom shows (traditionally called 'fungus fairs'). At the show you can see hundreds of species of fungi on display along with exhibits on ecology, mycophagy, toxicology, and cultivation. There is a fungus fair! http://www.mssf.org/FungusFair/index.html

  5. What is there to like about Fungi? A LOT! Decomposers Symbiosis Food

  6. Edible fungi Giant puff ball Wild mushrooms To prevent mushroom poisoning, mushroom gatherers need to be very familiar with the mushrooms they intend to collect, including knowledge of the toxic species that look similar to these edible species. Mushroom poisoning (toxins) initially cause severe abdominal cramping, vomiting, and watery diarrhea, and then lead to liver and kidney failure. Therapy is aimed at decreasing the amount of toxin in the body.

  7. Structure of fungi • Filaments = hyphae • All hyphae together = mycellium • Reproductive structure = fruiting body

  8. Reproduction in fungi • Asexual = hyphae breaking off or production of spores • Sexual = + and – mating types meet. Each forms a gametangium. The haploid nuclei fuse and form a diploid zygote. Meiosis then forms haploid nuclei.

  9. Haploid nuclei formed in gametangia + and – mating types come together Nuclei fuse to form diploid zygote

  10. Phylum Zygomycota • Common molds • Includes black bread mold

  11. Zygospores = spores formed in sexual reproduction SEXUAL Sporangium produces spores Sporangiophore holds up sporangium Stolon = stem like hyphae ASEXUAL Rhizoid = root like hyphae

  12. Phylum Ascomycota • Sac fungi • Multicellular (morels, truffles) • Unicellular (yeast) World’s largest truffle

  13. Sexual reproduction – formation of ascospores in ascus (cup shaped fruiting body)

  14. Asexual reproduction • Yeast  budding • Formation of conidia (asexual spores) on conidiophores

  15. Phylum Basidiomycota = Club fungi Mushroom Shelf fungus Puff ball Jelly fungus Plant parasite known as rust

  16. Sexual reproduction + and – hyphae fuse Fruiting body (n + n) Basidia (n + n) Fertilization Zygote (2n)

  17. Phylum deuteromycota = imperfect fungi (no sexual reproduction observed)

  18. Antibiotic penicillin Penicillium reproduces with conidia so may have evolved from ascomycetes

  19. Ecology of fungi • Decomposers – recycle nutrients • Parasites • Human diseases • Athletes foot and ringworm (deuteromycete) • Thrush and vaginal yeast infections (Candida) • Plant diseases • Corn smut • Mildew • Wheat rust • Animal diseases

  20. Mutualistic relationships Lichens = algae + fungi Fungus provides “home” Alga provides food

  21. Mutualistic relationship • Mycorrhizae = relationship with plant roots • Fungal hyphae increase surface area of root • Plant gets more water and minerals • Fungus gets food from plant (from photosynthesis)

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