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EXPANDING THE SCALE OF EXISTING

EXPANDING THE SCALE OF EXISTING RE-GREENING SUCCESSES IN AFRICA’s DRYLANDS TO ADAPT TO CLIMATE CHANGE AND INCREASE FOOD SECURITY. Vegetation in Galma in 1975 and 2003. 2003. 1975. Farmer-managed natural regeneration in Niger.

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EXPANDING THE SCALE OF EXISTING

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  1. EXPANDING THE SCALE OF EXISTING RE-GREENING SUCCESSESIN AFRICA’s DRYLANDS TO ADAPT TO CLIMATE CHANGE AND INCREASE FOOD SECURITY

  2. Vegetation in Galma in 1975 and 2003 2003 1975

  3. Farmer-managed natural regeneration in Niger 5,000,000 ha re-greened in 20 years (only labour for protection, investment in extension, no recurrent costs to governments) 200 million new trees additional cereal production/year: 500,000 ton 2.5 million people fed 1.25 million rural households involved

  4. PROCESS CATALYZED BY EXTERNAL INTERVENTION AND SPREADING THROUGH A MIX OF SPONTANEOUS ADOPTION AND FARMER-TO-FARMER EXTENSION

  5. RE-GREENING = INCREASING THE NUMBER OF ON-FARM TREES PRODUCES MULTIPLE IMPACTS ☺ SOIL ORGANIC MATTER/SOIL FERTILITY ☺ FODDER FOR LIVESTOCK ☺ FOOD SECURITY ☺ HOUSEHOLD ENERGY ☺ COMPLEX FARMING SYSTEMS ☺ VALUE CHAINS ☺ NUTRITION ☺ ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE ☺ CARBON SEQUESTRATION ☺ BIODIVERSITY

  6. YOUNG COMBRETUM GLUTINOSUM PRODUCES TONS OF LITTER AND NO TRANSPORT

  7. FAIDHERBIA ALBIDA IMPROVES SOIL FERTILITY AND PRODUCES FODDER

  8. YOUNG DIVERSE ON-FARM FOREST ON MALI’S SENO PLAINS

  9. NIGER: LIVESTOCK DEPENDS 6 MONTHS/YEAR ON TREE FODDER AND THEY CAN BE AN AGENT OF RE-GREENING

  10. TURN DOWN THE HEAT

  11. Grain surplus Kantché Department (Zinder/Niger). 350,000 inhabitants; high on-farm tree density Source: National Committee for the Prevention and Management of Food Crises and FEWS Quoted by: Yamba and sambo (2012) 2007 + 21,230 ton 2008 + 36,838 ton 2009 + 28,122 ton 2010 + 64,208 ton 2011 + 13,818 ton

  12. TOOLS FOR SCALING UP EXISTING SUCCESSES • IDENTIFY AND ANALYZE RE-GREENING SUCCESSES • AND USE THEM AS TRAINING GROUND FOR • EXPANSION • A. WORKING AT THE GRASSROOTS • ORGANIZE FARMER-TO-FARMER VISITS • FARMER EXPERTS TRAIN OTHER FARMERS • SUPPORT OR DEVELOP VILLAGE INSTITUTIONS • AGF COMPETITIONS AT DIFFERENT LEVELS • DEVELOP A MOVEMENT OF CSOs and NGOs • AND BUILD THEIR CAPACITY TO PROMOTE • REGREENING

  13. B. BOTTOM-UP MEETS TOP DOWN 6. ADAPT NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL POLICIES AND FORESTRY LEGISLATION 7. MAINSTREAM RE-GREENING INTO EXISTING AGRICULTURAL PROJECTS 8. ORGANIZE FIELD VISITS FOR NATIONAL POLICYMAKERS 9. CREATE A PRESIDENTIAL AWARD FOR THE BEST AGROFORESTRY VILLAGE

  14. C. DEVELOP A COMMUNICATION STRATEGY 10. USE THE MASSMEDIA TO INFORM FARMERS AND HERDERS WITH INNOVATORS SHARING THEIR KNOWLEDGE 11. LINK ICT, RADIO AND MOBILE PHONES (A WEB OF SPEECH) 12. PRODUCE DOCUMENTARIES FOR NATIONAL TV

  15. 13. ORGANIZE NATIONAL AND REGIONAL EXPERIENCE SHARING WORKSHOPS 14. MOBILIZE AFRICAN CHAMPIONS TO PROMOTE RE-GREENING BY FARMERS 15. MOBILIZE INTERNATIONAL MEDIA 16. DEVELOP ADVOCACY AT ALL LEVELS

  16. D. THE ROLE OF THE MARKET IN SCALING UP 17. SUPPORT THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGROFORESTRY VALUE CHAINS 18. INDUCE/SUPPORT THE PRIVATE SECTOR TO DEVELOP INPUT AND OUTPUT MARKETS

  17. IDENTIFY AND ANALYZE RE-GREENING SUCCESSES.

  18. Large-scale farmer-managed re-greening on Mali’s Seno Plains

  19. AGROFORESTRY AS CO-BENEFIT OF WATER HARVESTING Techniques simples 1990 Zaï Demi lunes Impacts importants 2004 Piliostigma reticulatum Combretum glutinosum

  20. A. WORKING AT THE GRASSROOTS

  21. 1. Farmer to farmer study visits Local, between regions and between countries

  22. FARMERS IN KAFFRINE (SENEGAL), WHO VISITED MARADI (NIGER)

  23. 2.FARMER EXPERTS TRAIN OTHER FARMERS

  24. 3. Support the development of village institutions for the management of tree capital

  25. 4. Develop agroforestry competitions at different levels

  26. 5. DEVELOP A MOVEMENT OF CSOs AND NGOs AND BUILD THEIR CAPACITY

  27. B. TOP-DOWN MEETS BOTTOM-UP

  28. 6. ADAPT NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL POLICIES AND FORESTRY LEGISLATION IN SUCH A WAY THAT THEY INDUCE FARMERS TO INVEST IN TREES CHALLENGES: AGROFORESTRY IS OFTEN IGNORED BY RELEVANT MINISTRIES FORESTRY LEGISLATION DOES NOT RECOGNIZE FARMER’S RIGHTS TO ON-FARM TREES NATURAL REGENERATION IS LOW COST

  29. 7.MAINSTREAM RE-GREENING INTO EXISTING AND NEW AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS

  30. 8. FIELD VISITS BY POLICYMAKERS

  31. 9. CREATE A PRESIDENTIAL AWARD FOR THE BEST AGROFORESTRY VILLAGE

  32. C. DEVELOP A COMMUNICATION STRATEGY

  33. 10. USE MASSMEDIA TO INFORM FARMERS AND HERDERS

  34. NIGER TV NEWS SHOWS VISIT DELEGATION FROM NIGERIA TO RE-GREENING IN SOUTHERN NIGER

  35. 11. LINK ICT, RADIO AND MOBILE PHONES (WEB OF SPEECH)

  36. 12. PRODUCEDOCUMENTARIES FOR TV

  37. 13. ORGANIZE NATIONAL AND REGIONAL EXPERIENCE-SHARING WORKSHOPS

  38. 14. MOBILIZE AFRICAN CHAMPIONS

  39. 15. MOBILIZE INTERNATIONAL MEDIA (NEW YORKER MAGAZINE)

  40. 16. DEVELOP ADVOCACY AT ALL LEVELS PRESENTATION AT THE PRESIDENCY ETHIOPIA

  41. 17. SUPPORT THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGROFORESTRY VALUE CHAINS (e.g. MORINGA OLEIFERA IN NIGER)

  42. 18. SUPPORT THE DEVELOPMENT OF INPUT – OUTPUT MARKETS

  43. CONSTRAINTS TO SCALING RE-GREENING BY FARMERS NO INCENTIVES IN CURRENT FORESTRY LAWS THE CURRENT AGRICULTURAL MODERNISATION PARADIGM DISCOURAGES INVESTMENT IN ON-FARM TREES LAND TENURE, PRIVATISATION, INCREASING INEQUALITY, LAND GRAB CONFLICTS IN VILLAGES

  44. HERDERS NEED TO BE INVOLVED IN VILLAGE INSTITUTIONS AND TRAINED IN TREE MANAGEMENT

  45. “TREES ARE OUR BACKBONE”(FARMERS IN TIGRAY) AGROFORESTRY IS THE PILLAR OF AGRICULTURE IN DRYLANDS BUT AGROFORESTRY ALONE IS NOT SUFFICIENT TO ENSURE FOOD SECURITY

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