Web Pages, Web Sites, And E-Commerce

1. Section A Web Technology CHAPTER 6 Web Pages, Web Sites, And E-Commerce PARSONS/OJA Page 272

2. Chapter 6 Web Pages, Web Sites, and E-Commerce Chapter PREVIEW • Elements of web pages • Cookies • Spyware • Cache storage of web pages viewed • Web page design tools • Identify the elements of a web page • E-commerce • Security • Shopping carts • Taxation Page 273

3. Chapter 6 Web Pages, Web Sites, and E-Commerce Chapter PREVIEW • The good… • Telecommuting • Online learning • Videoconferencing • The bad and ugly… • Online gambling • Plagiarism • The questionable… • Internet censorship Page 273

4. Section A Chapter 6 Web Technology Should I upgrade my browser when new versions become available? • Usually, it is a good idea to upgrade when a new version comes out • Contain up-to-date functionality • Some Web pages depend on new HTML features supported by newer versions of a browser • Internet Explorer and Netscape are free and so are the upgrades • Best viewed with… Page 280

5. Section A Chapter 6 Web Technology Helper Applications, Plug-Ins, Players: Why do I sometimes see a message that tells me to download some player in order to view a Web page? • Browser interprets HTML • Files that are not handled by the browser; sometimes require you to download helper application, plug-in, or player in order to handle the files Page 281

6. Section A Chapter 6 Web Technology What is helper application? • Helper application – program that understands how to work with a specific file format • Updates your system so browser can automatically open helper application that works with a specific file format • Used by browser to open non-HTML file format • Adobe Acrobat Page 281

7. Section A Chapter 6 Web Technology Is a plug-in the same as a helper application? • Plug-in displays files within the browser window • Helper application displays files in new window • Player – any helper application or plug-in that helps a browser display a particular file format Page 281

8. Section A Chapter 6 Web Technology How do I know which players are installed? • Netscape provides a list • IE doesn’t provide a list, but you can see the list in the Control Panel’s Add/Remove Programs icon • Turf war to be your default player… • Select custom installation? Page 281

9. Section A Chapter 6 Web Technology How do I know which players are installed? Page 281

10. Section A Chapter 6 Web Technology Does a browser have to request each Web page element separately? • Yes. • HTTP is classified as a stateless protocol • One request and response per session • Assembly of one page requires one request per element on the page • Easy to believe with a dial up modem Page 283

11. Section A Chapter 6 Web Technology What if a Web server can’t find the file that a browser requested? Page 283

12. Section A Chapter 6 Web Technology Can a Web server accommodate more than one request at a time? • A single port can connect to many sockets at a time • Depends on server’s memory and operating system (at a minimum – hundreds of requests) • Denial of service attacks • Server farm – group of multiple servers that handle thousands of requests that come in each second Page 284

13. Section A Chapter 6 Web Technology Cookies: What is a “cookie”? • Cookie – small chunk of data generated by a Web server and stored in a text file on your computer Cookie: jqstudent@sarasota.fl.us/ SITESERVER ID=9022591d2390f3b8639aa3c7cf1ca8f5 sarasota.fl.us/ 0 642859008 31887777 2868194304 29411026 Page 285

14. Section A Chapter 6 Web Technology What is a “cookie”? • Web sites use cookies to: • Track your path through a site • Provide information that allows the Web site to present you with ad banners • Relevant to you • Retain any personal information that you type into a Web page form Page 285

15. Section A Chapter 6 Web Technology Why do Web sites use cookies to keep track of my activity? • Because each request is considered separate by the Web server • Cookies allow server to know which requests are yours • Provide temporary storage space • Way to identify your requests from others Page 285-286

16. Section A Chapter 6 Web Technology Are cookies safe and private? • Cookies are a relatively safe technology • Data, not computer program • Can only be accessed by site that created it • Contain only information you disclose while using the site • Uses a randomly generated number instead of your name Page 286

17. Section A Chapter 6 Web Technology Does my computer have to accept cookies? Page 286

18. Section A Chapter 6 Web Technology Does my computer have to accept cookies? • Most browsers will let you block cookies, but for many Web sites, cookies are only mechanism for tracking your activity or remembering purchases • Without cookies, you may not be able to do some things on the Web • You may also require approval of cookies Page 286

19. Section A Chapter 6 Web Technology How long do cookies stay on my computer? • A web programmer can program cookie to “time out” • You can delete the cookies • Netscape uses Cookies.txt or Magiccookie • IE stores each in separate file • Loose your identity Page 287

20. Section A Chapter 6 Web Technology Spyware • Advertising supported software • Results in pop-up ads related to your web surfing activities • The program continuously reports your activity at web sites to a central database • Privacy issue… • Deluge of pop up ads • Anti-spyware software Page 287

21. Section A Chapter 6 Web Technology Another privacy issue…cache storage of web pages • Web browser stores previously viewed web pages on hard drive • Grandma knows… • Settings prevent this folder from eating up your hard drive • Not a bad idea to periodically empty this folder Page 287

22. Section D Chapter 6 Privacy Monitoring employees computer usage • Software allows system administrators to view: • who is using networked computers • what they are doing on the computers • how long they spend • count keystrokes • Generally, no regulations in this area • Individuals fired for sending offensive e-mails • Arcola police chief forwarding e-mails about mayor • Companies feel they must do this to prevent lawsuits and slacking • Consulting company has employees wearing bar code scanners Page 317

23. Section B Chapter 6 Basic Web Page Authoring Basic Web Page Components: What can I put on a Web page? • Head section – begins with <Head> and contains: • Title of your page as it will appear in the title bar of your browser window • Global formatting information • Information about your page that can be used by search engines • Very important for commercial sites • Scripts that add interactivity to your page Page 291

24. Section B Chapter 6 Basic Web Page Authoring What can I put on a Web page? • Body section – begins with <body> tag and contains: • Text that you want to display • HTML tags that format the text • Variety of links (including graphics and sounds) • Web page header – subtitle that appears in a font that is different style than normal text Page 291

25. Section B Chapter 6 Basic Web Page Authoring What can I put on a Web page? Page 291

26. Section B Chapter 6 Basic Web Page Authoring What kinds of links can I add to a page? • Internal link – links to other pages on same site • External link – links to pages outside of the site • Interpage link – jumps to a location within same page • mailto link – automatically opens pre-addressed e-mail form that can be filled in and sent Page 295

27. Section B Chapter 6 Basic Web Page Authoring What is a broken link? • Broken link – non-functioning link • Can occur if webmaster moves requested file, deletes it, or changes its name • 404 Page Not Found • Broken link icon Page 296

28. Section B Chapter 6 Basic Web Page Authoring Testing and Posting Web pages: How do I get my pages on the Internet? • 1. Test each page locally • 2. Transfer pages to a Web server • 3. Test all links • 4. Update your site to keep it current Page 298-299

29. Section C Chapter 6 Web Page Extensions, Scripts, and Programs How would a Web page author use a scripting language? • Scripting languages allow pages to become more interactive • Allows e-commerce sites to verify credit card information • Makes interactive pages like loan payment calculators Page 302

30. Section C Chapter 6 Web Page Extensions, Scripts, and Programs ActiveX controls: What is an ActiveX control? • ActiveX control – compiled computer program that can be referenced from within an HTML document • Can be used on client-side or server-side Page 305

31. Section C Chapter 6 Web Page Extensions, Scripts, and Programs What is an ActiveX control? Page 305

32. Section C Chapter 6 Web Page Extensions, Scripts, and Programs Are ActiveX controls safe? • Most are safe, but ActiveX controls are full-fledged programs • Can include routines that alter or delete data on your computer’s hard disk • You can modify IE so that it never downloads any ActiveX controls Page 306

33. Section C Chapter 6 Web Page Extensions, Scripts, and Programs Are ActiveX controls safe? Page 306

34. Section C Chapter 6 Web Page Extensions, Scripts, and Programs What is a digital certificate? • Digital certificate – electronic attachment to a file that verifies the identity of its source • Certificate authority – company that supplies digital certificates Page 306

35. Section C Chapter 6 Web Page Extensions, Scripts, and Programs How does a digital certificate work? • If your security is set to “medium”, browser displays a warning message to alert you that an ActiveX component is trying to install itself • Your browser reads the certificate, displays the name of the person or company that signed it, and verifies that the component was not altered since it was signed Page 307

36. Section C Chapter 6 Web Page Extensions, Scripts, and Programs How does a digital certificate work? Page 307

37. Section D Chapter 6 E-Commerce E-Commerce Basics: What is e-commerce? • E-commerce – describes financial transactions that are conducted over a computer network • Includes physical products, digital products, and services • Digital products such as News, music, video, databases, software, and all types of knowledge-based items • Will they ever figure out music??? • Peddle services, such as arranging trips, online medical consultation, and remote education • Carried out by computer or require human agents Page 309

38. Section D Chapter 6 E-Commerce Who is the typical e-commerce customer? • Demographics not yet stabilized • In 1995, 30-something white male • Now, females and teens have entered the online shopping fray in droves • B2C (business-to-consumer) e-commerce – typical e-commerce activities that the typical Web surfer enjoys. Amazon.com • C2C (consumer-to-consumer) – includes online auctions and rummage sales. Ebay Page 309

39. Section D Chapter 6 E-Commerce What makes e-commerce so special? • Customers can easily search through large catalogs • Can configure products online • Can see actual prices • Can build an order over several days • Allows merchants to attract customers • Global market • Can track customer preferences and produce individually tailored marketing Page 310

40. Section D Chapter 6 E-Commerce How does e-commerce work? Page 310

41. Section D Chapter 6 E-Commerce How does e-commerce work? • Shoppers connects to online store • Based on domain name which acts as the entry to the online store • Includes some mechanism for customers to select merchandise and then pay for it Page 310-311

42. Section D Chapter 6 E-Commerce How do shopping carts work? • Shopper browses Web site, and then adds products using a “Buy” or “Add to Cart” button • Uses cookies to store information about your activities on Web site Page 311

43. Section D Chapter 6 E-Commerce How do shopping carts work? Page 311

44. Section D Chapter 6 E-Commerce What is an HTML form? Page 312

45. Section D Chapter 6 E-Commerce What happens to the data that’s entered into a form? • Your information is stored on your hard disk; it not left “hanging around” • When you click a Submit button, information is gathered and submitted via a specially designated program on an HTTP server Page 313

46. Section D Chapter 6 E-Commerce Can the data in the HTTP message be intercepted in transit? • Packet sniffer – monitors data as it travels over networks • 2 technologies protect the data • SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) – encrypts the data • Indication of secure connection in web browser • S-HTTP (secure HTTP) – extension of HTML that encrypts the text of an HTTP message before it is sent Page 313

47. Section D Chapter 6 E-Commerce Credit Card Security: How can online credit card transactions get hacked? • Fake Storefronts – Trojan horse site • Intercepted packets – uses packet sniffers • Database break-ins – unauthorized access of customer databases • Dishonest employees • Always-on connections Page 314-315

48. Section D Chapter 6 E-Commerce Encryption • Disguising the contents of a message • Recipient must have a key to verify message • Federal government wants a second key they can use • Export restriction on encryption software Page 314-315

49. Section D Chapter 6 E-Commerce What steps can I take to safeguard my credit card number? • Only foolproof method – don’t use it • To reduce probability of online credit card fraud, make sure that you deal with legitimate merchants • Limits on credit card liability Page 315

50. Section D Chapter 6 E-Commerce Person-to-Person Payment Services: What is a person-to-person payment? • Person-to-person payment – offers alternative to credit cards • PayPal • Customer opens an account, deposits money to account using credit card • Customer receives user ID and password • Money can be sent to anyone who has an e-mail account Page 316-317