The Center for Information Technology in the Interests of Society (CITRIS)

1. The Center for Information Technology in the Interests of Society(CITRIS) Paul Wright (ME Dept.) Chief Scientist, CITRIS (BWRC Faculty: Bob Brodersen, Ali Niknejad, Bora Nikolic, Jan Rabaey, John Wawrzynek, Paul Wright and Gary Kelson) (CITRIS Director Shankar Sastry and Executive Director Gary Baldwin)

2. CITRIS was created by the previous Governor’s initiative in ~2000 to bring new focus on societal scale challenges Four UC campuses are focused on applying IT to.. Intelligent Infrastructure Energy, water, earthquake preparedness, security… Health care and bio-medical services/products Services Science (especially encouraged by IBM) The center is funded by the State of California and industry A new building is presently under construction on our main campus … It will host major laboratories (including space for BWRC as needed) + a state of the art NanoFabrication Laboratory CITRIS mission

3. An example of a BWRC + CITRIS project Our prototype system balances occupant comfort vs. price preferences with automatic, reactive short-term load shedding and long-term energy reduction Utility Real-Time Meter Price Signal Air Conditioner Disaggregation of Thermostat into Nodes, Control, Interface, and Communication Preference slider

4. Founding Corporate Members Platinum Corporate Members Associate Corporate Members

5. CITRIS Organizational Structure UC Chancellors C. Tomlinson-Keasey, UC Merced (Chair) Robert J. Birgeneau, UC Berkeley Denise D. Denton, UC Santa Cruz L. Vanderhoef, UC Davis Director – S. Shankar SastryExecutive Director- Gary Baldwin CITRIS Executive Committee (Academic) Institute Advisory Board (Industry) CITRIS @ UC Berkeley Campus Director – S. Shankar Sastry Chief Scientist - Paul Wright CITRIS @ UC Merced Campus Director - Jeffrey Wright Acting Chief Scientist – German Gavilan CITRIS @ UC Santa Cruz Campus Director -Patrick Mantey Chief Scientist - Alex Pang CITRIS @ UC Davis Campus Director – S.J. Ben Yoo UC Berkeley UC Santa Cruz UC Merced UC Davis

6. CITRIS works with its affiliate centers – BWRC as a leading example --- towards commercial & social impact For BWRC supporters CITRIS provides an additional impact opportunity --- to “funnel” our basic core science (WSNs, UWB, 60GHz etc) into commerce, societal problems, and shifts in public policy No other CA organization brings the multi-disciplinary horsepower together, to focus on innovative technology “in the service of society,” like CITRIS CITRIS provides a unique “glue” and “roll-out opportunity” for seemingly disparate activities What’s the difference between BWRC and CITRIS?

7. Put in another way…. How is CITRIS different from BWRC… but how do the two operations work together? BWRC is in the “research business” of fundamental research in low power radios, UWB, >60GHz.. CITRIS is in the “research business” of applying these fundamental ideas to new products, new health services, energy efficiency, homeland security … BWRC as a “feeder” to CITRIS

8. A BWRC thesis: “Ultra Low Power Transmitters for Wireless Sensor Networks,” The thesis proposed the design and optimization of nodes for wireless sensor networks with ultra low power, namely: consume less than 100 microwatts of average power for a long life; cost less than $1 for a low system cost; and occupy less than one cubic centimeter (Yuen Hui Chee) A CITRIS thesis: Wireless sensor networks for energy efficiency. This thesis reports on packet-level performance of 2.4GHz Telos wireless sensor nodes in residential environments. The objective is to characterize the packet loss to determine the necessity of mesh networking for residential wireless sensor networks. The results describe two deployments in four residential houses (Nate Ota) BWRC as a “feeder” to CITRIS

9. If successful, how will it change the world? = Societal pull How will it use CITRIS technology/skills = “Tech. push” Does it leverage multi-campus CITRIS research teams? Are the metrics for success well-established? Has it passed competitive peer review: awarded federal or State funding? Can our corporate/federal/state sponsors find enough value to buy in? Are student initiatives (e.g., student clubs) represented? Sponsor international symposium in this area? Constantly strive for synergy among 4 (not 1) campuses and sponsors How we think about CITRIS projects…

10. 1. Intelligent infrastructures Energy Water Natural disasters Cyber-security TIER – (projects for the developing world) 2. Healthcare Implantable wireless sensors (BSN) Link to home-wireless IT services 3. Services: Science, Management, and Engineering Academic curriculum Research agenda Infrastructure Services CITRIS project overview Health Care TIER

11. For intelligent infrastructures, BWRC/CITRIS provides the leverage for: Generic technology – hardware platforms (motes) shared by all… Common elements – low-power radios, sensors, MEMS-sensors, Common software – TinyDB, Deluge, Common labs Testbeds at Berkeley (Soda, Etcheverry, Cory, BWRC) Merced, Santa Cruz, Davis Common infrastructure is raising all boats Annual symposium on intelligent infrastructures planned • Cyber-infrastructure • Natural Disasters • Transportation • Energy • Water • Health Care 1. BWRC + CITRIS = Intelligent infrastructures

12. 1950s and 1960s phenomenal investment in the state’s highways, ports, energy & water supply systems, schools and universities created the 6th largest economy in the world In 1955 the population was ~13 million but by 2025 it will be 46 million Older investments showing their age + expansion needs added resources Strategic growth plan ~$250b. – first 10/20 year effort Calls for “expanded authority to fund and deliver projects through a variety of public-private partnerships” 1. BWRC + CITRIS = Intelligent infrastructures (also relates to California Governor’s proposal)

13. 1. BWRC + CITRIS = Intelligent infrastructures (five & ten years in billions of dollars)

14. 2. BWRC + CITRIS = Health Care dollar opportunities • We spend $ 2 T per year in health care (16% of GDP). • 10 % of population over 60 expected to grow to 25 % by 2030. • Huge opportunities to make a difference in continuous monitoring (tele-medicine) for chronic conditions, elder care.

15. Implantables and wireless monitoring (see Jan’s talk) Exquisite Detection: presymptomatic detection of disease (BSAC leading the way with lab on a chip, bio-sensors,..) Use of EDA like methods to do open source analysis of gene-protein, protein-protein networks: Biospice, SynBio (joint with QB-3) Stem Cell Initiative and Tissue Engineering (including social, legal and ethical considerations) 2. BWRC + CITRIS = Health Care dollar opportunities

16. What impact can mobile phones have on user health? Imperial College, Rifat Atun et al., Vodaphone (3.25.06) 150 examples of text messaging in health care delivery 1) Efficiency gains: reduce number of lost appointments (UK) 26-39% (GPs), 33-50% (Hospitals) = £256-364m. Savings 2) Public-health gains: hard to reach locations / also teenagers! WHO: India > Tuberculosis: Kenya, Nigeria, Mali > HIV&Malaria 3) Treatment regime: take medicine now! exercise! don’t smoke! Diabetes is a good example of this requiring constant management “Good” patients measure blood-sugar levels and inject insulin 3x/d V. Franklin (Dundee), “Sweet Talk” > Text messages to teenagers Increased “self-efficacy,” haemoglobin HbA1c was 14% lower 3. BWRC + CITRIS = Impact at “Service Layer” (using Health Care here as an example)

17. Summary: BWRC + CITRIS

18. RF + Antenna ClockGeneration Baseband (mixed-signal) 64K memory Base Band Voltage Conv GPIO Interface Serial Interface DW8051 μc Network Queues Locationing Engine Neighbor List System Supervisor DigitalProcessor(s) Sensors Power Supply Network DLL Summary: BWRC >> CITRISAdoption needs lower power radios & cheaper devices <100 mW integrated node • Simplest possible processor • Dedicated accelerators when needed • Aggressive power management • Minimizing supply voltage Courtesy: Mike Sheets

19. BWRC Low Power Radios in Demand Response in CA1. New Thermostat with touchpad shows price of electricity in ¢/kWhr + expected monthly bill. *Automatic adjustment of HVAC price/comfort. *Appliance nodes glow-colors based on price.2. New Meter conveys real-time usage, back to service provider 3. Wireless beacons throughout the house allow for fine grained comfort/control Incoming price signals Appliance lights show price level & appliances powered-down