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Charles’ Law

Charles’ Law. Temperature Changes & Matter. Solids & Liquids expand and contract as temperature changes. Change is usually very small Gases show large volume changes with temperature changes. Jacques Charles. Balloonist

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Charles’ Law

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  1. Charles’ Law

  2. Temperature Changes & Matter Solids & Liquids expand and contract as temperature changes. Change is usually very small Gases show large volume changes with temperature changes

  3. Jacques Charles Balloonist 1787 did experiments showing how volume of gases depends on temperature

  4. How do hot air balloons work?

  5. Relationship between V and T Pressure & amount are constant At high temperature, the gas particles move faster and collide with the walls more often Pressure is constant, so volume has to increase

  6. Data for Volume-Temperature Trial Temperature (C) Volume (mL) 1 10 100 2 50 114 3 100 132 4 200 167 5 300 202

  7. What did Charles do next?

  8. Linear Relationship Plot Volume vs C and you get a straight line The relationship between Volume and C is linear

  9. Charles extrapolated the graph to 0 volume. At 0 mL, the X-intercept is -273 C

  10. Hints of Kelvin scale Charles extrapolated his data to see the temperature at which the volume was 0 This was the first indication that the temperature -273 C might have a fundamental meaning Why did Charles have to extrapolate his lines in this temperature range instead of taking data?

  11. Plot Volume vs. Kelvin Temp. Get a straight line that passes through the origin The relationship between the variables is direct

  12. Charles’ Law: Verbal The volume of a gas at constant pressure varies directly with its absolute temperature

  13. Charles’ Law: Graphically Plot V vs Kelvin Temperature Straight line that passes through the origin V = kT or V = k T

  14. Charles’ Law: Problems V1 = V2 T1 T2 Given any 3 variables, you can find the 4th

  15. Problem 1 150 mL of a gas at constant pressure Temperature increases from 20C to 40C What is the new volume? Step 1: Convert T1 and T2 to Kelvin scale. Step 2: Rearrange equation: V1 = V2 becomes V1T2 = V2 T1 T2 T1 Step 3: Substitute and solve: 150 mL X 313 K 293 K = 160 mL

  16. The low temperature region is always extrapolated. Why?

  17. Balloons can expand & contract with the gas http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IkRIKGN3i0k

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