The Colonial Era: Economic, Political, Social

1. #1 Enslavement in the Colonies #2 The Enlightenment/The Religious Impulse #3 Imperial Rivalries: Spanish and French The Revolutionary Period, 1763-1783 #4 Managing the Colonies: Economics #5 Motivations/Events The Colonial Era: Economic, Political, Social

2. 1700-1770 • Provincial capitals • High-birth rate • Immigration • Diversity of Population & Religion • Poverty in the Colonies • Consumer Revolution & Cities • Decline of Indigenous Populations Growth of Colonial America

3. #1 The Creation of the Slave Institution in the Colonies • First Arrivals • 1560s- Spanish • 1619 Virginia • Shift in Landscape • English and Africans: Anti-Black stereotypes • 1640s Virginia • Slave Laws: 1662, 1691 Virginia • Chattel Slavery • “From Cradle to Grave” • Slave Culture • Religious roles of Black women

4. #2: Change in Thought: To Be Enlightened • The American Enlightenment • Influence of Europe: French, British • Scientific method of investigation- research and experimentation • Reasons For Enlightenment • Religious wars of 17th century • Criticism of social and political institutions • John Locke • Arminianism • Deism

5. To Be Awakened • Religion in the 18th Century • Sermons, treatises and copies of Christian Bible • Religious Revivals: Causes For… • Westward expansion, commercial development, rationalism • Lack of individual engagement • Worldwide Revival of religious fundamentalism • Rationalism and religious purity • Wahabbism- Middle East, Central Asia • Modern-day terrorism/state sponsored terrorism • Hasidic Jews • “Hell, Fire, and Brimstone…” • 1720s- style of preaching • George Whitefield • Critics of the Great Awakening

6. Culture Clashes • War against the indigenous • Spanish North America • Geography • Religious missions • Presidios • California: The Church and the Mission system- 1769 San Diego • French Empire • Geography • Sugar plantations • Free Blacks in New Orleans • War in The Upper Midwest- “the Middle Ground” • Ohio Valley: French, British, Indigenous Communities • Impact on Indigenous communities #3: Imperial Rivalries: Spanish and French Empires Meet the Frontier

7. The Seven Years’ War- 1754-1763 (French and “Indian” War) • Warfare for Imperial Domination • Europe, West Africa, Asia- colonial conflicts • Main conflict- 1756-63 • Colonial Conflicts: British, French, trade, Ohio River Valley • War against the indigenous populations • Land and Spirituality • A World Transformed: British Victory • Reshaped landscape and balance of power • Treaty of Paris 1763 (Peace of Paris, 1763) • Pontiac’s Rebellion • 3 Indigenous communities • General Amherst’s policies

8. Historical Importance • Treaty of Paris: Clause 1764- British expansion • Indigenous Populations • River- Trade/ War/Enslavement • Exploration of Mississippi River • Cabeza de Vaca • Hernando de Soto • Rene de La Salle • European Influence • Spanish- cotton shipments to Liverpool, England • French • American • African slaves 1719 Historical Snapshot: Mississippi in the 1700s

9. #4 The Revolutionary Period, 1763-1783 1. What is the Revolutionary Period? 2. British Attempts to Reign In Colonies 3. Beginnings of American Resistance 4. Taxation Without Representation

10. English Administration of the Colonies • 17th century- distraction/colonial policy • Oliver Cromwell and trade • Mercantile System • Navigation Acts • Dominion of New England • Glorious Revolution • Resistance to “Dominion” • Neighbors • Spanish America • New France • Louisiana On the Road to the Revolution…

11. European Rivalries • King William’s War • International Warfare- 18th century • French/Indian War- Ohio River Valley • George Washington • A World War • England vs. France • Significance of the Treaty of Paris • A New Empire • Pontiac’s Rebellion Colonial Wars

12. Greenville’s Colonial Policy • Imperial finances • “Spoiled Americans,” and taxes • Molasses Act of 1733 • Sugar Act (American Revenue Act) • Currency Act of 1764 • The Stamp Act • Charles Townshend • Townshend Acts • Revenue Act 1767 • Ideological Response • The Boycott • True Whigs- 1764-1765 • British army in colonies/Quartering Act • Sons of Liberty- Samuel Adams • Repeal of the Stamp Act Colonial Policies and Responses

13. Boston Massacre • Lord North • British occupy Boston • 5 March 1770- Agitators • Crispus Attucks • Aftermath • Significance • The Boston Tea Party • Lord North & the East India Company • Committee of Correspondence • 16 December 1773- 342 chests of tea • Significance • Britain Responds • The Coercive Acts 1774 • Closure of Boston Harbor • New Quartering Act Boston in the 1770s: A Catalyst for Change

14. Background: • Thomas Jefferson, June 1, fasting prayer in Virginia • Raleigh Tavern • George Washington: “a cause of America” • Continental Congress • 1774 to 1789 • Governing body of 13 colonies • First Continental Congress- Response to Coercive Acts • Second Continental Congress- after the American Revolutionary War (1775-83) • 1776- declared America's independence from Britain. • 1781 Congress ratified the first national constitution, the Articles of Confederation. • Articles of Confederation-1789, replaced by U.S. Constitution. Formation of the Continental Congress