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Daniel Bullock Director, Gulf Coast CHP Applications Center Houston Advanced Research Center

Katrina Forum: Sept. 25, 2006. Daniel Bullock Director, Gulf Coast CHP Applications Center Houston Advanced Research Center. Resilient Energy Systems: The CHP Solution. Moving knowledge to action to improve human well-being and the environment. Houston Advanced Research Center.

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Daniel Bullock Director, Gulf Coast CHP Applications Center Houston Advanced Research Center

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  1. Katrina Forum: Sept. 25, 2006 Daniel Bullock Director, Gulf Coast CHP Applications Center Houston Advanced Research Center Resilient Energy Systems: The CHP Solution Moving knowledge to action to improve human well-being and the environment

  2. Houston Advanced Research Center • Established 1982 • Non-profit scientific research institute • Sustainable development mission • Environmental technology commercialization • Research Management • Air Quality focus • Located in the Woodlands, TX • Website: www.harc.edu

  3. Observations from Hurricanes Katrina & Rita

  4. Observation 1 • Over reliance on the central station electric utility model increased our vulnerability to the hurricanes. • The wood pole T&D system did not survive either Hurricanes Katrina or Rita and the result was prolonged power outages.

  5. Hurricane Rita • T&D Infrastructure Replacements • 981 wood transmission structures • 26 steel lattice transmission structures • 8970 wood distribution poles • 8040 distribution transformers • 18,000 non-Entergy workers helped out • Losses = $380M ($1.5B including Katrina)

  6. Observation 2 Those with power were the ones capable of self-generating electricity • Self generation consisted primarily of backup generators, but also those with cogeneration/CHP plants

  7. Diesel GenSets are Ubiquitous • But they were NOT reliable! • Not in working order when needed • Didn’t hold up throughout the entire outage • Couldn’t be serviced (no parts or labor) • Quickly exhausted on-site fuel supplies • Limited ability to resupply fuel tanks • Systems were undersized • Remotely located units could not be delivered quickly • Located in basements and low lying areas • Poor return on investment

  8. The CHP Solution CHP is DG . . . • An integrated system • Operates around the clock • Provides at least a portion of the electrical load and • Utilizes the thermal energy for: • Cooling • Dehumidification • Water and space heat • Process heat

  9. Conventional Generation vs. CHP Eff. = 49% Eff. = 86%

  10. Hurricanes Katrina and Rita:A Tale of Two Hospitals

  11. Memorial Hermann Baptist HospitalBeaumont, TX • Back up generators started, but could neither power the chillers nor maintain power due to length of outage • The hospital reopened after 22 natural gas engines were brought in from Houston • Most damage to the hospital was related to loss of HVAC -- humidity infiltration resulted in extensive damage to floors, ceiling tiles, medical supplies, and equipment • Hurricane Rita • closed the hospital for a week • caused over $30M in costs and damages

  12. August 29, 2005 Hurricane Katrina Hits Jackson, MS • Connection to MPG Restored • Load Shed performed (1.2 MW disconnected) • Pumping Trucks Supply Water to Physical Plant • Connection to MPG Restored 3 hr 57 hr 1 hr 5 hr • Main Power Grid (MPG) Failed • Alternate Power Grid Enabled • City Water Lost • 52 hrs of 100% operation on CHP • Only Hospital in the Jackson Metro Area to be Nearly 100% Operational!! • Power Reliability Problems • Switched to CHP Operation Only • Elevators on Emergency Generators • Restricted use of MRI Equipment Mississippi Baptist Medical CenterJackson, MS

  13. Value of On-site Generation Mississippi Baptist Medical Center • remained open throughout to treat a high volume of patients • provided emergency clothing, food, and housing for people displaced during the first night of the disaster • received patients from other medical facilities not able to remain open • helped emergency responders establish operations

  14. Observation 3 • Natural gas supplies were generally available throughout on high pressure pipes • Tulane University reported sufficient natural gas pressure to operate their 5 MW campus system

  15. Tulane University CHP Plant • Campus has a 9 MW electrical load • 5 MW gas turbine provided “islanded” power and cooling to critical campus facilities throughout Katrina • Cooling towers damaged, but remained operational • Switched to well water • 2000 ton chiller could not be restarted if tripped • Natural gas pressure available, but turbine switched to diesel (3.5 day supply) due to compressor problem • Rising water forced system off as some switchgear went underwater in the days after levees were breached • University staff looking to add capacity and flood protection

  16. CHP in Louisiana • Existing CHP Capacity (2004): 6 GW • Undeveloped CHP Capacity (2004): • Industrial: 2.6 GW • Commercial: 1.6 GW

  17. Commercial CHP Candidates • Hotels • Prisons • Airports • Hospitals • Universities • Grocery Stores • Wastewater Treatment • Refrigerated Warehouses • Emergency Management Facilities • Homeland Security & Sanctuary Locations • Industrials (Refineries, Chemical plants, Manufacturers)

  18. HIGHEST RELIABILITY OPTION HIGHEST EFFICIENCY OPTION } UTILITY SUPPLIED ELECTRICAL ELECTRICAL ELECTRICAL DEFICIT Sized to meet electrical load THERMAL THERMAL THERMAL Sized to meet thermal load } EXPORT or WASTE EXCESS THERMAL CHP System Design Options FACILITY DEMAND

  19. Observation 4 • Those that relied on regionally staged fuels, materials, parts, and vendors were not well served. • Regional evacuations and localized damage made delivery of power equipment and supplies nearly impossible.

  20. CHP and Energy Resiliency • CHP does NOT rely on wood poles • Natural gas provides reliable fuel to CHP throughout prolonged outages • CHP can power whole facilities • Lights, air conditioning, water purification, sewage, safety systems, high value areas, manufacturing • CHP micro-grids can power city blocks and neighborhoods

  21. Will LA Develop its CHP Potential? Success depends on: • Providing mechanisms and incentives for utilities to participate • Advancing CHP in new applications • Educating engineers, architects, and building owners about the value of CHP • Financing “improved” solutions with insurance and FEMA dollars

  22. Insanity: doing the same thing over and over again and expecting different results. Albert Einstein

  23. For more information: Daniel Bullock Gulf Coast CHP Applications Center (281) 364-6087 dbullock@harc.edu

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