APPLICATION OF REMOTE SENSING ON GROUND WATER

1. APPLICATION OF REMOTE SENSING ON GROUND WATER PRESENTED BY BIDYUT

2. INTRODUCTION Water is a fundamental to the existance of life and is one of the most critical resources. The groundwater is one of the main resorce of drinking water in our modern life. The occurance and movent of ground water is needed to know for availabilty and ground water exploration control. The remote sensing data can provide a useful information on the factor controlling the groundwater occurance. It is difficult to map the depth of ground water in a groundwater system or to predict the likely yield from the zones delineated directly by remote sensing but remote sensing useful indirectly to give such information.

3. IMPORTANCE • Remote sensing data can provide data of movement and occurance of ground water in ground water system. • The factors which controlling the ground water system which can be determined • Remote sensing data helps to give details of hydro geological and geophysical investigations on the ground before actual drilling for a quantitative assessment. • Give the idea about the aquifer present in the rock • It is helpul for the proper management of ground water resource.eg, its prevent over exploitation and help to monitoring of ground water in an area. • Selection of suitable drilling area for grounwater

4. PROCESS OF GROUND WATER MAPPING BY REMOTE SENSING: We know that groun water monitoring can not be directly done by the remote sensing but it done indirectly. But monitoring the geological features ,geomorphological features ,soil and vegetation cover we get the better idea. At first we know how to measure the linear features like fractures and faults in hard rock area, then we monitor the certain geographic features like alluvial fans, buried channels an d then measure the topographic and vegetation indicators of groundwater helps in selecting the potential areas for groundwater exploration. Method:Information on landforms is an important input for mapping and identification of potential zones of groundwater occurrence. Apart from the landform characteristics, lithology/rock type and geologic structures also plays a significant role in identifying the groundwater potential zones. High resolutionRemote Sensing satellite, While generating the hydrogeomorphology map, the rock type is considered as a base unit. Different landforms are classified based on origin, landform characteristics, their aerial extent, depth of weathering, thickness of deposition showing the assemblage of different landforms corresponding to each rock type such as fluvial, denudational etc

5. Structural information like fractures, lineaments is mapped based on drainage network and image characteristics. Integrating different geomorphological units/landforms, lithological formations and geological structures, hydrogeomorphological map on 1:50,000 scale is prepared. Hydrogeological fieldwork, well inventory data such as depth of the wells, depth of weathering, thickness of deposited material, yields are collected. This data is used in finalising hydrogeomorphological / ground water prospects map. MONITORING THE GEOLOGICAL FEATURES: To monitor the geological features of an area there may be used Hyperspectral Sensing .In that process Landsat Multispectral Scanner (MSS, 4 bands) and Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM, 7 bands) basically used which undersample the information content available from a reflectance spectrum by making only a few measurements in spectral bands up to several hundred nanometers wide. High spectral resolution reflectance spectra collected by imaging spectrometers allow direct identification of that area.

6. MONITORING THE GEOMORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES To monitor the geomorphological features there are basically used LANDSAT Multispectral scanning satellite. High resolution spectral data is available from various satellite helping to predict geomorphological features such as alluvial fans, burried channels,rock faults etc. MONITORING THE VEGETATION COVER The remotely sence data, both from air and space, have become popular as information sources,particularly for mapping land. It is directly interpreted in a remote sensing image. MSS, HPS, are used mainly in that type. MONITORING THE GROUND WATER After getting the all information we getting a better idea and mapping the the potential area for groundwater exploration.

7. CONCLUSION: There are few physical remotely sensed measurements of direct relevance to groundwater studies, and if so they pertain to specific conditions and thus have limited application as yet. A challenge is the development of affordable, physically-based use of satellite data with a high temporal resolution for monitoring recharge and emergence of groundwater driven by flow systems.

8. REFERENCES 1.Remote sensing for the beginner, pradip kumar guha. 2.Remote sensing applications to hydrology: groundwater M. J. MEIJER1NK 3. Myémlogical ScieMces -Jnunml- en Sciaaei Hjimbgiqu

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