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Phylum Chordata

Phylum Chordata. Notochord…flexible rod that gives support during development Usually disappears when backbone develops. Lancet. Subphylum Vertebrata. Vertebrae (backbone ) made of bone or cartilage Skull that protects the brain Endoskelton made of bone or cartilage. Fish.

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Phylum Chordata

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  1. Phylum Chordata • Notochord…flexible rod that gives support during development • Usually disappears when backbone develops

  2. Lancet

  3. Subphylum Vertebrata • Vertebrae (backbone ) made of bone or cartilage • Skull that protects the brain • Endoskelton made of bone or cartilage

  4. Fish • Adapted to live in water • Streamlined shape • Muscular tail • Paired fins (ventral, dorsal, pelvic, pectoral and caudal) • Mucus secretions to decrease friction • Chemoreception (“smell”)…sense chemicals in water • Lateral line…small canals in skin to sense vibrations in water

  5. Jawless Fish • Class Agnatha • Includes hagfish and lampreys • Eel-like bodies, skeleton of cartilage, unpaired fins • Parasites…feed off of other body fluids…scrape through skin

  6. hagfish lamprey

  7. Cartilagenous Fish • Class Condrichthyes • Sharks, rays, skates • Skeleton entirely of cartilage…flexible, lightweight • Skin has placoid scales …tooth like spines • Reproduce by internal fertilization, lay eggs or live birth

  8. Sharks, rays, skates

  9. Sharks, rays, skates

  10. Placoid scales

  11. Bony Fish • Class Osteichthyes • Skelton made of bone • Swim bladder for buoyancy • Gills for gas exchange (a few have lungs) • Smooth scales cover body • Lobe-finned fish…have flesh parts to fins • Ray finned …no flesh in fins, most fish you know

  12. Lobe finned fish • Coelocanth • Lungfish

  13. Ray finned fish

  14. Bony Fish • Circulation: 2 chambered heart, closed system with arteries, veins and capillaries • Kidneys and gills for excretion • Well-developed brain • External reproduction, lay eggs in a mass

  15. Egg mass

  16. Amphibians • Class Amphibia • Live part of live on land and part in water • Frogs, toads, salamanders • Indirect development (metamorphosis)

  17. Amphibians • Respiration: • through moist, thin skin, no scales, mucus layer to keep moist • with gills • with lungs • Circulation: 2 circulatory systems • Pulmonary… heart to lungs and back • Systemic… heart to body and back • 3 chambered heart … blood mixes

  18. Amphibians • Webbed feet, no claws • Lungs, gills and skin for respiration! • Internal fertilization, egg mass • Order Anura • “tail less” • frogs, toads

  19. Amphibians • Kidneys for excretion • Well developed brain & senses of sight (nictitating membrane protects eyes underwater), smell, hearing (tympanic membrane)

  20. Amphibians • Order Caudata • Salamanders • Order Gymniophona • Caecilian (look like legless snakes)

  21. Anura… “tailless”

  22. Caudata (salamanders)

  23. Gymnophiona (caecilian)

  24. Amphibianmetamorphosis Spring peeper Not all amphibians undergo metamorphosis, but the ones that do have similar steps

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