Hydrosphere: Oceans, Lakes & Shorelines

1. Hydrosphere: Oceans, Lakes & Shorelines

2. The Hydrosphere • The hydrosphere is often called the "water sphere“. • It includes all the earth's streams, lakes, the soil, groundwater, and in the air. • It interacts with, and is influenced by, all the other earth spheres. • The biosphere serves as an interface between the spheres which aids  in the movement of water between the hydrosphere, lithosphere and atmosphere.

3. - Water is found everywhere in, on, and around the earth. - Earth is the only planet where water is found, and it is found in its three different forms aliquid (water) a gas (vapor) a solid (ice) - Water, Water, Everywhere Nearly ¾ of the earth’s surface is covered by water, hence the nick-name “the Blue Planet” - Remember, water is also found in the ground and in the soil as well

4. Although our planet is nearly ¾ covered by water, there is only a small percentage of it usable by humans It is the saline (salt) content in the water that makes it unusable to humans Humans have found way to filter the water and make it usable, but these processes are still slow and costly How much is usable by Humans?

5. Water Cycle Video http://eisforexplore.blogspot.ca/2012/04/water-cycle-wheel.html?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed:+blogspot/ntnp+(E+is+for+Explore!)&utm_content=Google+Reader

6. 1a. Sea water is salty because of the dissolved mineral salts found in the water. NaCl, KCl, MgCl, CaCl, Na2S, MgS. Salts = a metal + a non-metal (37%) ( 63%)

7. 1b) The mineral salts come from rocks found on, and within, the lithosphere as well as the water runoff from the land. 2a) The difference between fresh water and salt water is the mineral salt content. Salts are in all water, but the amount dictates if it is salt water or fresh water. 2b) The difference between fresh water and Drinking water is: To be drinkable, fresh water must: - be perfectly transparent - not cloudy. - not contain suspended particles – dirt, sand, pollution - not have an unpleasant odour. - contain only a small quantity of mineral salts - contain dissolved oxygen - not have micro-organisms that can cause disease.

8. 3. Most living organisms can’t use the freshwater because it is trapped either as groundwater (need to dig a well) or as ice, snow and glaciers. 4. Water is a precious resource because most of it is undrinkable in its current form. Energy must be used to extract it, clean it and sanitize it. Most countries do not have the resources, nor money to clean it. Moreover, many countries do not have sufficient amounts of water (ie. Deserts)