2014 120th Anniversary of Vuk-Pavlović’s Birth

1. 2014. 120. obljetnica rođenja PavlaVuk-Pavlovića 2014 120th Anniversaryof Vuk-Pavlović’s Birth

2. 2014. 120. obljetnica rođenja PavlaVuk-Pavlovića 2014 120th Anniversaryof Vuk-Pavlović’s Birth

3. autor Milan Polić

4. proizvedeno 2004. / 2014.

5. Podrijetlo Pavao Vuk-Pavlović rođen je 9. veljače 1894. u Koprivnici kao Pavao Wolf. Bio je jedino dijete Janke (Johanne, rođene Granitz) i Slavka (Samuela) Wolfa, koji su u Koprivnicu došli iz Zagreba nakon što je Slavko Wolf dobio dozvolu da u Koprivnici otvori odvjetničku kancelariju. Pavlovi su roditelji bili iz uglednih židovskih obitelji što je u njegovom najranijem odgoju, kasnijem obrazovanju i životu svakako imalo određenu ulogu. Zanimljivo je stoga, za bolje razumijevanje njegove osobnosti, barem ukratko predstaviti i osobe iz njegovog najužeg porodičnog kruga. Ancestry Pavao Vuk-Pavlovićwas born on 9 February 1894 in Koprivnica, Croatia, as Pavao Wolf. He was the only child of Janka (Johanna, born Granitz) and Slavko (Samuel) Wolf. His parents came to Koprivnica from Zagreb after Slavko Wolf obtained a permit to open a solicitor’s office in Koprivnica. Vuk-Pavlović’s parents came from distinguished Jewish families, something that, indeed, played a certain role in his earliest upbringing, later education, and life in general. For a better understanding of his personal traits, it is thus interesting to, at least in brief lines, present the people from his narrowest family circle.

6. Obitelj Granitz Društveno najutjecajnija, najistaknutija, a povijesno vjerojatno i najzanimljivijaličnost The Granitz Family Socially the most influential, most distinguished, and historically the most interesting personality from the family of Vuk-Pavlović’s mother was his grand-father, IgnjatGranitz.This capable entrepreneur rose from a local teacher – according to the available, though unreliable informa-tion, he was most probably a child of poor farmers – to a successful and renowned Croatian industrial entre-preneur, benefactor and Maecenas, whoinfluenced significantly the social, iz kruga majčine obitelji bio je Pavlov djed IgnjatGranitz. Taj se sposobni poduzetnik izdignuo od mjesnog učitelja – prema dostupnim, ali nepouzdanim podacima vjerojatno je bio dijete siromašnih zemljoradnika – do uspješnog i uglednog hrvatskog industrijalca, dobrotvora i mecene koji je znatno utjecao na društveni, posebno gospodarski i umjetnički, Ignjat Paula particularly the commercial and artistic, life of Zagreb at the end of the 19th and at the beginning of the 20th century.Ignjat (Vatroslav) Granitz was born in 1845 inNemesMagasi, a Hungarian community život Zagreba krajem 19. i početkom 20. stoljeća. Ignjat (Vatroslav) Granitz rodio se 1845. godine u mađarskom mjestu Nemes

7. Magasi u županiji Vas, sjeverozapadno od Balatona prema austrijskoj granici. U Győru, središtu podunavske pokrajine Győr-Sopron, završio je 1864. godine in the Vas county situated to the north-west from the Balaton Lake towards the Austrian border. He completed the teacherscollegeIn1864 in Győr, the centreof the Győr- Sopron province in the Danube basin. It seems that he wanted to become a rabbi, and attended the rabbi school in Bratislava, though, due to his liberal views, he soon had to leave it. Having returned to the Vas county, he worked as a teacher in the main school in the market-town of Sárvár for three years. Following that, he worked as a teacher for another year in the Jewish trade učiteljsku školu. Čini se da je htio postati rabinom, te da je polazio i rabinsku školu u Bratislavi, ali da ju je zbog svojih liberalnih nazora vrlo brzo morao napustiti.Zatim je, vrativši se u županiju Vas, tri godine radio kao učitelj na glavnoj školi u trgovištu Sárvár. A nakon toga još godinu dana na židovskoj trgovačkoj školi u Nagykanizsi, gdje je vjerojatno ponešto naučio Ignjat Paula school in Nagykanyizsa, where he probably acquired a certain amount of knowledge of the Croatian language.This is also where he met Paula Deutsch they married in 1870 in Zalaegerszeg. hrvatski jezik. Tu je upoznao i PauluDeutsch (po kojoj je unuk Pavao dobio ime) s kojom sevjenčao 1870. godine u njezinom rodnom mjestu Zalaegerszegu.

8. Magasi u županiji Vas, sjeverozapadno od Balatona prema austrijskoj granici. U Győru, središtu podunavske pokrajine Győr-Sopron, završio je 1864. godine in the Vas county situated to the north-west from the Balaton Lake towards the Austrian border. He completed the teacherscollegeIn1864 in Győr, the centreof the Győr- Sopron province in the Danube basin. It seems that he wanted to become a rabbi, and attended the rabbi school in Bratislava, though, due to his liberal views, he soon had to leave it. Having returned to the Vas county, he worked as a teacher in the main school in the market-town of Sárvár for three years. Following that, he worked as a teacher for another year in the Jewish trade učiteljsku školu. Čini se da je htio postati rabinom, te da je polazio i rabinsku školu u Bratislavi, ali da ju je zbog svojih liberalnih nazora vrlo brzo morao napustiti.Zatim je, vrativši se u županiju Vas, tri godine radio kao učitelj na glavnoj školi u trgovištu Sárvár. A nakon toga još godinu dana na židovskoj trgovačkoj školi u Nagykanizsi, gdje je vjerojatno ponešto naučio Paula Ignjat school in Nagykanyizsa, where he probably acquired a certain amount of knowledge of the Croatian language.This is also where he met Paula Deutsch they married in 1870 in Zalaegerszeg. hrvatski jezik. Tu je upoznao i PauluDeutsch (po kojoj je unuk Pavao dobio ime) s kojom sevjenčao 1870. godine u njezinom rodnom mjestu Zalaegerszegu.

9. Iako se ne može pouzdano reći da li u Mađarskoj ili u Hrvatskoj, u to je doba doži-vio još jedno za njega važno poznanstvo. Ono sa zagrebačkim tiskarom Leopoldom Although it can not be reliably stated whether it was in Hungary or Croatia that, at that time, he made yet another important acquaintance – that with a Zagreb printer, namely Leopold (Lavoslav) Hartman. It seems that Hartman managed to persuade Granitz to move to Zagreb in 1869. Having become Hartman’s associate and the manager of the Leopold Hartman & Comp. printing office, he applied for permanent legal residence in Zagreb, and was granted the same in 1876. Already in 1878, the two entered a joint venture named Hartman & Granitz,. (Lavoslavom) Hartmanom, na čiji je, čini se, nagovor 1869. godine došao u Zagreb. Postavši Hartmanovim suradnikom i poslovođom u tiskari Leopold Hartman & Comp., Granitz je zatražio i 1876. godine dobio zavičajno pravo u Zagrebu. A već 1878. njih su se dvojica udružili u tvrtku Harman & Granitz za trgovinu papir-om na veliko. Nakon Hart-manove smrti, 1881. godi- a paper wholesale company. After Hartman’s death in 1881, the printing office was managed by Granitz and Vilim Schwarz.Having paid out Harman’s widow, Granitz and Schwarz ne, tiskaru su nastavili voditi Granitz i Vilim Schwarz. Isplativši Hartmanovu udovicu, Granitz i Schwarz zatražili su i godine 1882. dobili obrtnicu za vođenje tiskare pod nazivom Ignjat Granitz &Comp., čime

10. je Granitz uz tvrtku za veleprodaju papira stekao i vlasništvo nad tiskarom. Bila je to svakako dobra kombinacija jer se Granitz spremao za velike poslove. Osuvremenju- Schwarz applied for a trade permit, and were granted one in 1882.They now managed Ignjat Granitz & Comp., which means that Granitz obtainedownership of the printing office in addition to already owning the paper wholesale com-pany.This was certainly a good combination, since Granitz was preparing for big businesses. Having modernised production with new machines and new technologies on the one hand, and having skil-fully used his social con-nections and trade skills on the other, Granitz extended his businesses fast. in jući proizvodnju novim strojevima i tehnologijom, s jedne strane, i vješto se koristeći društvenim vezama i trgovačkom vještinom, s druge strane, brzo je proširivao poslove. Već sljedeće 1883. godine potpisao je s Odjelom za bogoštovlje i nastavu zemaljske vlade, ugovor na deset godina za nabavu papira, te tiskanje, pohranu i distribuciju školskih knjiga za pučke učionice u Already1883 he signed a ten-year paper supply, primary school book printing, storing and distribution contract for the regions of Croatia and Slavoniawith the Department of Religious Observancesand Hrvatskoj i Slavoniji. Time je Granitz ne samo sebi pribavio vrijedan posao, nego je i hrvatsku školsku nakladu oslobodio tiskarske ovisnosti o Beču gdje su se sve do 1877. godine tiskali udžbenici za

11. hrvatske škole. Nakon isteka desetogodišnjeg ugovora s Odjelom za bogoštovlje i nastavu, o tiskanju školskih udžbenika, Granitz je 1893. uspio postići the Teaching of Worldly Government. This contract is significant – it is certain that Granitz got himself a good business deal,but it is also with this contract that the Croatianschool book preparation was freed from its printing dependence on Vienna, where the same were printed all up to 1877. After the ten-year contract expired, in 1893 Granitz managed to renew the old contract, having thus obliged himself to pay the large amount of 4,000 crowns from his pure revenues to the treasury of the Worldly Government each year. It was with this obnavljanjestarog ugovora obvezavši se u blagajnu zemaljske vlade svake godine uplatiti iz čiste dobiti veliku sumu od 4.000 kruna. Tim je novcem Isidor Kršnjavi, tadašnji ravnatelj, restaurirao zgradu Odjela za bogoštovlje i nastavu zemaljske vlade u Opatičkoj 10 i 1891. godine dao raskošno opremiti dvoranu u zgradi. Danas je to poznata i Ignjat Granitz money that Isidor Kršnjavihad the building of the department restored at no.10 Opatička.The hall is today known as the representative Golden Hall of the Croatian Institute for History. reprezentativna “Zlatna dvorana” Hrvatskog instituta za povijest.

12. S porastom imetka rastao je, dakako, Granitzov društveni položaj i ugled, pa je postupno postao član trgovačko-obrtničke komore, član masonske lože “Ljubav Naturally, Granitz’s social position and re-putation grew with the growth of his wealth. Thus, gradually he became a member of the Trade-Entrepreneurship Chamber, a member of the Love for One’s Fellow-Man Free-mason lodge, a then clo-sed circle of the supporters of the regime, and finally a city-council repre-sentative.Having financially streng-thened, Granitz decided to build a new house in order to further develop his prin-ting office, and to satisfy thehousing needs of his family already counting six members. His office was facing the street and was bližnjemu”, tadazatvorenog kruga simpatizera režima, pa konačno i gradski zas-tupnik. Financijski ojačavši odlučio je, radi razvitka tis-kare i zadovoljenja stambe-nih potreba svoje sada već šestočlaneobitelji, sagraditi novu kuću u Margaretskoj ulici br. 8 (sada Preradovi-ćev trg 9). S ulične je strane u prizemlju nove, 1886. godine podignute, neorene-sansne dvokatnice (kasnije obnovljene u secesionisti- Granitz’s hause Granitzova kuća located on the ground floor of this newly built neo-renaissance two-storey building, whereas the rooms of his family members were located on the first and second floors of the building overlooking the square. čkom duhu) bila poslovnica (nakon drugog svjetskog rata tamo je bila poslovnica velike izdavačke kuće Vjesnik), a na prvom i drugom katu, s pogledom na trg, stambene prostorije.

13. Na dvorišnoj su strani bile nusprostorije, a u dvorištu tiskara. Uređenje stana Granitz je povjerio tada vrlo cijenjenom i utjecajnom, a danas poznatom, arhitektu The utility rooms were located on the gro-und floor facing the yard, and the printing plant was in the yard itself. Granitz entru- stedthe interior design of his house to the then well distinguished and influential, and the today well known architect Herman Bollé, the founder and director of the Trade School in Zagreb. Granitz’s home became the place of gathering of the intellectual elite, regardless of the social origin of individuals. The Granitz family readily invited artists to their house: actors, painters, writers and musicians. The employer inviting his employees to his Hermanu Bolléu, osnivaču i ravnatelju zagrebačke Obrtne škole. Po Bolléovim su nacrtima zidovi nekih soba bili obloženi drvom, a pokućstvo diskretno ukrašeno narodnim motivima. Granitzova kuća postala je okupljalište intelektualne elite bez obzira na socijalno porijeklo pojedinaca. Obitelj Granitz rado je u svoju kuću pozivala umjetnike: glumce, slikare, pisce i glazbenike. Sasvim izuzetno za tadašnje house was unheard-of conduct at the time; nevertheless, the Granitzs considered inviting the editors and associates of their publications to their dinner parties an honour. odnose poslodavaca i njihovih namještenika, Granitzovi su se smatrali poćašćenima pozvati na svoje domjenke redaktore i suradnike svojih listova.

14. Olga i Zlata Schulz (Granitzove kćeri Olga i Zlata bile su udane za braću Rikarda i Ernesta Schulza iz Praga.), iako u javnosti nisu nastupale, bile su veoma glazbenonadarene ivirtuozne pijanistice. Stoga ne Although they did not publicly perform, Olga and Zlata Schulz (Granitz’s daughters Olga and Zlata were married to the Schulz brothers) were musically very talented and virtuoso pianists. Hence, čudi prijateljstvo obitelji Granitz sa slavnom pjevačicom Milkom Trninom s kojom su članovi obitelji često muzicirali i čije su uspjehe pomno pratili. Olga i njezin suprug Ernest, zborovođa i glazbeni kritičar, redovito su svirali četveroručno. the friendship of the Granitz family with the famous singer Milka Trnina, with whom family members often played and whose successes they attentively followed, is not surprising at all. Olga and her husband Ernest, a quire conductor and a music critic, regu- Janka Granitz larly played piano duets. Their daughter Mira (born in 1896) and their nephew Pav-ao Wolf (born in 1894) often played sitting under the piano and listening to the classi-cal works of the world musical heritage. Često su se pri tome njihova kćerkica Mira (rođena 1896.) i dvije godine stariji nećak Pavao Wolf sjedeći pod glasovirom igrali uz klasična djela svjetske glazbene baštine.

15. The Wolf Family Pavao’s grandfather, Benjamin Wolf, was born in 1829. His place of birth is still unknown. There is not much information concerning his life available. What is known is that he was married to Matilda Ebenspanger (born in 1839 in Čakovec), and that, for a period of time, his family lived in the Tata community in the Danube basin to the north of Hungary. It was here that in 1862 Matilda gave birth to Wolf’s (most probably oldest) son Slavko (Samuel), Pavao’s father.After some time, Benjamin Wolf moved to Vukovar, where, on 24 June 1866, he was offered the advertised positions of the cantor, teacher and treasurer of the Consecration District for a term of three years. In 1869, his contract was renewed for another three years. During that time, Matilda gave birth to two more sons: Karl (Dragutin) in 1866, and Leopold in 1869Irrespective of the fact that in 1871 the Consecration District Obitelj Wolf Pavlov djed Benjamin Wolf rodio se 1829. godine u dosad nepoznatom mjestu. Nema mnogo podataka o njegovom životu. Zna se da je bio oženjen za Matildu Ebenspan-ger (rođenu u Čakovcu 1839.) i da je s obitelji neko vrijeme živio u podunavskom mjestu Tata na sjeveru Mađarske. Tu mu se 1862. godine rodio (vjerojatno najstariji) sin Slavko (Samuel), Pavlov otac.Nakon nekog vremena preselio se Benjamin Wolf u Vukovar gdje je na osnovi raspisanog natječaja primljen 24. lipnja 1866. u službu kantora, učitelja i tajnika Bogoštovne općine na rok od tri godine. Godine 1869. produljen mu je ugovor za sljedeće tri godine. Za to vrijeme rodila su mu se još dva sina: Karl (Dragutin) 1866. i Leopold 1869. godine. Iako je 1871. vodstvo Bogoštovne općine izrazilo zadovoljstvo njegovim radom, čini se da su mu zbog lošeg zdravlja svi ti poslovi bili preveliko breme.

16. officials expressed satisfaction with Wolf’s work, it seems that, due to his bad health, all three positions were too great a burden upon him. For this reason, after the director of the Jewish school resigned in April 1874, Wolf proposed to take over the director’s position exclusively, although his salary was to be smaller. His proposal was accepted, yet he directed the school for only a year. Wolf resigned already in May 1875. Having expressed utmost satisfac-tion with his work, the Consecration District officials decided that his redundancy pay would amount to 60% of his salary.The Wolfs lived in Vukovar for another three years. In the period between 1879 and 1883, or during the time that his oldest son Slavko undertook law studies in Vienna, the old Wolf was a teacher in Donja Lendava. Stoga je nakon ostavke upravitelja židovske škole u travnju 1874., predložio da preuzme samo tu dužnost, iako uz manju plaću. Njegov je prijedlog prihvaćen, no na poslu upravitelja ostao je samo godinu dana. Već u svibnju 1875. Benjamin Wolf podnio je ostavku, a vodstvo Bogoštovne općine, izrazivši najveće zadovoljstvo njegovim radom, odredilo mu je otpremninu u visini od 60 % njegove plaće.U Vukovaru je Wolf živio još najmanje tri godine, a zatim je od 1879. do 1883., dok mu je najstariji sin Slavko studirao pravo u Beču, bio učitelj u Donjoj Lendavi.

17. Najstariji sin Benjamina i Matilde Wolf bio je Slavko Wolf, Pavlov otac, rođen u mjestu Tata na sjeverozapadu Mađarske 26. prosinca 1862. Po rođenju dobio je ime Samuel. Židovsku pučku školu, na kojoj je njegov otac Benjamin bio učitelj, pohađao The oldest son of Benjamin and Matilda Wolf was Slavko Wolf, Pavao’s father, born on 26 December 1862 in the Tata community to the north-west of Hungary. The name given to him at birth was Samuel.He attended the Jewish Primary School in Vukovar, where his father Benjamin taught.Having completed his pri-mary education, his parents sent him away to a gymna-sium in Vinkovci, since there was no gymnasium in Vukovar at the time. He started attending the gym-nasium in the autumn of 1871. During his years of je u Vukovaru. Nakon završetka pučke škole roditelji su ga poslali na daljnje školovanje u Vinkovce, budući da u to doba u Vukovaru još nije bilo gimnazije. U gimnaziju je krenuo s jeseni 1871. Za vrijeme školovanja u Vinkovcima, od prvog do petog razreda gimnazije, Slavko Wolf education in Vinkovci, from the first to the fifth class of the gymnasium, he stayed with the Zeifl family and the physician Ehrenfreund. Most probably due to his parents having little money, the school waived his tuition fees. Slavko attended the gymnasium’s senior classes (the sixth, boravio je kod obitelji Zeifl i kod liječnika Ehrenfreunda. Vjerojatno zbog slabog imovnog stanja, bio je oslobođen plaćanja školarine. Više je razrede gimnazije, od šestog do osmog, pohađao u Osijeku, gdje je i maturirao. Gimnaziju je završio 1879. i u jesen iste

18. godine upisao je pravo na bečkom Sveučilištu. Iz sveučilišnih dokumenata saznaje se da su mu materinski jezici bili hrvatski i njemački, a po vjeri da je seventh and eight class) in Osijek, where he took his A level examinations.Slavko completed his secondary education in 1879. In the same year, he enrolled in the Faculty of Law at the University of Vienna. His university files state that his mother tongues were Croatian and German, and that by confession he was an ‘Israelite’. He attended and sat the exams of all the compulsory lectures on time (in eight semesters, finishing in the 1882-83 academic year). After having been awarded a Bachelor of Law Degree in Vienna, he enrolled in a doctor’s degree “izraelit”. U osam semestara do kraja školske godine 1882./83. odslušao je sva propisana predavanja. Nakon diplomiranja u Beču je i doktorirao. Zatim je, kao odvjetnički pripravnik, neko vrijeme radio u Bjelovaru, a 22. siječnja 1890. Kraljevski banski stol imenovao ga je odvjetnikom sa sjedištem u Koprivnici. Dva tjedna kasnije, 5. veljače, položio je prisegu. U imeniku odvjetnika upisan je Slavko Wolf course also in Vienna.Following his studies in Vienna, he started to work in Bjelovar as a solicitor’s novice. On 22 January 1890, the Royal BanBoard named him a solicitor with an office inKoprivnica. kaoSlavko, a ne kao Samuel Wolf, što bi se moglo povezati s njegovom kasnijom odlukom da pređe na katolicizam.Vrlo je brzo stekao određeni ugled, pa je uskoro izabran za zastupnika gradske skupštine u

19. Koprivnici. Na glavnom je trgu podigao jednokatnu kuću u kojoj je imao stan i odvjetničku kancelariju. Kuću je gradio poznati zagrebački graditelj Đuro Koprivnica. He took the oath two weeks later, on 5 February. In the register of solicitors he was registered as Slavko and not as Samuel Wolf, which could be related to his later decision toconvert to Catholicism.He built a reputation within a rather short period, and was soon elected a city council representative in Koprivnica. He built a house on the main square of the town, in which he both lived and had his office. The house was built by Đuro Carnelutti, a famous constructor from Zagreb.He married Janka Granitz on 21 March 1893 in Zagreb. Carnelutti. S Jankom Granitz vjenčao se 21. ožujka 1893. u Zagrebu, a deset i po mjeseci kasnije rodio im se u Koprivnici sin Pavao.Nakon smrti, najprije majke Matilde 1891., a onda i oca Benjamina 1899., koji je desetak godina bio rabin u Ludbregu, Slavko Wolf odlučio je ostvariti svoj naum i preći na kršćanstvo. Već početkom sljedeće godine, 17. veljače 1900. u župi svetog Marka u Zagrebu kršten je sin Pavao, a 12. prosinca iste godine na rimokatoličku su vjeru prešili Slavko i Janka Wolf, krštenjem također u zagrebačkoj župi sv. Marka.Odvjetništvom se u Koprivnici dr. Slavko Ten and a half months later, Janka gave birth to their son Pavao in Koprivnica. After the deaths of foremost his mother Matilda in 1891 and his father Benjamin in 1899, who served the Jewish community in Ludbreg as a rabbi for ten years, Slavko

20. Wolf bavio do 1910. godine a onda se obitelj preselila u Zagreb. Prema zapisu u Imeniku odvjetnika, 31. siječnja 1931. godine odrekao se odvjetničkog zvanja ibrisan je iz članstva odvjetničke komore. Međutim, kada je1920. spajanjem tiskarâ Ignjata Granitza i Ivana Novaka nastao grafičko-nakladni zavod Tipografija d.d., Slavko Wolf postao je njegovim doživotnim potpredsjednikom.Široko obrazovan, zanimao se za sve vidove društvenog života, no u javnosti se nije volio isticati. Wolf decided to work on and realise his intention of converting toChristianity. His and Janka’s son Pavao was baptised already at the beginning of the comingyear, on 17 February 1900, in the Parish Church of St. Mark in Zagreb, and on 12 December of the same year,both Slavkoand Janka Wolf converted to the Roman Catholic Church by baptism also in the Parish Church of St. Mark in Zagreb.Dr. Slavko Wolf practiced law in Koprivnica up to 1910, when his family moved to Zagreb. According to an entry in the register of solicitors, on 31 January 1931 he gave up his legal profession, and his membership at the bar was terminated. However, as of 1920, when the printing offices of Ignjat Granitz and Ivan Novak were joint into Tipografija d.d., a print and publication institute, Slavko Wolf became the company’s vice-president for life. Having been widely educated, he was interested in all the aspects of social life, though he did not like to stand out in public.

21. Od Pavla Wolfa do Pavla Vuk-Pavlovića Iako se zadnjih godina ime Pavla Vuk-Pavlovića sve češće spominje u literaturi, njegov su život i djelo još uvijek prilična nepoznanica čak i za one koji pišu o njemu. Često sam tako znao čitati da se o Pavlu Vuk-Pavloviću piše kao o Pavlu Vuku Pavloviću. Iz čega bi valjalo zaključiti da je ono “Vuk” njegovo drugo ime, a ne nerazdvojni dio prezimena. Jednako tako često, ali još neispravnije, može se čitati o Vuku Pavloviću. Što bi značilo da je riječ o čovjeku kojemu je “Vuk” ime, a “Pavlović” prezime (pa su neki sasvim pogrešno iz toga došli do zaključka da je riječ o crnogorskom ili srpskom, a ne hrvatskom autoru). Ali niti je ono prvo ime, niti je ono drugo prezime, već su oboje dijelovi prezimena Vuk-Pavlović. Pa sukladno tome ne može biti govora o Vuku-Pavloviću nego o Vuk-Pavloviću, i ne radi se dakle o knjigama Vuka-Pavlovića, nego Vuk-Pavlovića itd. Možda nekome može From Pavao Wolf to Pavao Vuk-Pavlović Irrespective of the fact that today the name of Pavao Vuk-Pavlović is mentioned more frequently in literature, his life and work still remain unknown even to those who write about him. Hence, I have often read about Pavao Vuk-Pavlović as Pavao Vuk Pavlović. From this it should follow that Vuk is his second given name, and not an inseparable part of his surname. Just as often, one can read about Vuk Pavlović, which is incorrect to an even greater extent. This should read that the first name of the person talked about is Vuk, and that his surname is Pavlović (and it is for this reason that some have, without any ground or whatsoever, arrived at the conclusion that he is a Montenegrin or Serbian and not a Croatian author). Yet, Vuk is neither his first, nor his second name, but is part of his unique surname, namely Vuk-Pavlović. Some might think that the way in which someone’s name and surname is written

22. izgledati, iako ja ne mislim tako, da je uglavnom nevažno kako će se pisati ili izgovarati nečije ime i prezime. Ali kada je u pitanju čovjek koji je sam odredio kako će se zvati, a Pavao Vuk-Pavlović je učinio upravo to, onda su njegovo ime i prezime nesumnjivo bitni dio izraza njegove osobnosti, koju nije moguće ispravno i potpuno prikazati neispravno pišući njegovo prezime. Tim više što je povijest Vuk-Pavlovićeva prezimena nezaobilazan dio njegove osobne povijesti. Stoga se od stručnog pisanja o Pavlu Vuk-Pavloviću ima pravo očekivati barem ispravno pisanje njegova prezimena. and read as completely irrelevant. I certainly do not. When a man who himself decided what he would be called is at issue, as Pavao Vuk-Pavlović indeed did, then his first and second names are unquestionably a significant part of the expression of his personality, which is impossible to be illustrated correctly and completely by writing his surname inaccurately. The more so because of the fact that the history of Vuk-Pavlović’s surname is an unavoidable part of his personal history. Therefore, one rightly expects that any professional writing about Pavao Vuk-Pavlović will at least get his surname right.

23. Pavao WolfKao što je već rečeno na početku, Pavao Vuk-Pavlović rođen je 9. veljače 1894. u Pavao WolfAs has already been said at the beginning, Pavao Vuk-Pavlović was born on 9Febru- ary 1894 in Koprivnica to his mother Janka (born Granitz) and his father Dr. Slavko Wolf. He was entered into the register of births of the Jewish community in Koprivnica as Pavao Wolf. He was named after his grand-mother Paula Granitz. After the death of his grandfather Benjamin Wolf, a rabbi in Ludbreg, Pavao’s family decided to convert to Catholi-cism. Thus, immediately Koprivnici od majke Janke (rođene Granitz) i oca dr. Slavka Wolfa. U knjigu rođenih židovske bogoštovne općine u Koprivnici upisan je kao Pavao Wolf. Ime je dobio po baki Pauli Granitz.Nakon smrti djeda Benjamina Wolfa, rabina u Ludbregu, Pavlova obitelj odlučila je preći na katoličku vjeru pa je mali Pavao neposredno nakon svog šestog rođendana, 17. veljače following Pavao’s sixth birthday, on 17 February 1900, he was baptised in the Parish Church of St. Mark in Zagreb. 1900. godine, kršten u župi svetog Marka u Zagrebu.

24. Immediatelyfollowing Pavao’s sixth birthday, on 17 February 1900, he was baptised in the Parish Church of St. Mark in Zagreb. Mali je Pavao neposredno nakon svog šestog rođendana, 17. veljače1900. godine, kršten u župi svetog Marka u Zagrebu.

25. Pavao Wolf and Mira Schulz with their governess French Pavao Wolf attended primary school (for four years) in his home town, and gymnasium (for eight years) in Zagreb. He spent his first year of secondary education in Donjogradska (Lower-Town) Gymnasium, and the rest in Gornjogradska (Upper-Town) Classical Gymnasium, where he took and passed his A level examinations, and was awarded a maturity diploma on 16 July 1912. During his gymnasium education in Zagreb, he stayed at the Aristocratic Convict for some time, and at his grandmother’s place at the Square of Petar Preradović for a short period of time. Yet, he spent most his timeat the house of Danica Marković (born Sakač), the Osnovnu četverogodišnju školu Pavao Wolf je pohađao u rodnom mjestu, a osmogodišnju gimnaziju u Zagrebu. Osim prvog razreda gimnazije, kojeg je pohađao u Donjogradskoj gimnaziji, ostale razrede, od drugog do osmog, polazio je u Gornjogradskoj klasičnoj gimnaziji u kojoj mu je 16. srpnja 1912. izdana i svjedodžba o položenom ispitu zrelosti.Za vrijeme gimnazijskog školovanja u Zagrebu neko je vrijeme boravio u Plemićkom konviktu,a kraće je prebivao i kod bake u kući na Preradovićevo trgu, no najveći je dio vremena proboravio na stanu kod Danice Marković (rođene Sakač), bake svoje buduće Pavao Wolf i Mira Schulz sa svojim francuskim guvernatama

26. grandmother of his future wife Lelja Dobronić (born in 1920), and the wife of Petar Marković, the editor of Granitz’s Pobratim journal.He showed interest in languages and literature already early into his secondary education. As early as in his first class of gymnasium, he translated a narrative for the youth from French, which was also published. Yet, he was not satisfied with translations alone. Already at supruge Lelje Dobronić (rođene 1920.), čiji je muž Petar Marković bio urednik Granitzovog časopisa Pobratim.Interes za jezike i književnost iskazao je u rano gimnazijsko doba, pa već u prvom razredu s francuskog prevodi jednu pripovijest za mladež, koje mu je prijevod i objavljen. No ne zadovoljava se samo prijevodima. Već u petnaestoj godini okušava se kao dramatičar. Njegova dramska

27. the age of fifteen, he tried his hand at drama. His drama Snow White’s Reign was ena-cted on Children’s Day in 1911 in the Croatian National Thea-tre, and was directed by Micika Freudenreich. In the last years of gymnasium, he was increa-singly preoccupied with ancient Greek and Roman culture, particularly art and philosophy. Consequently, he started writ-ing the novel Dii pereunt.Hav-ing completed his secondary education, in trying to satisfy his current educational needs, and having been so advised by both his parents and friends, in the autumn of the same year Pavao Wolf enrolled in the Faculty of Philosophy at the University in Leipzig, where he completed four semesters by the summer of 1914. PAVAO WOLF16 YEARS priča Snješkino kraljevanje izvedena je na Dječji dan 1911. godine u Hrvatskom narodnom kazalištu (u režiji Micike Freudenreich). U završnim razredima gimnazije sve ga više zaokuplja starogrčka i rimska kultura, osobito umjetnost i filozofija, pa započinje i roman Dii pereunt.Nastojeći zadovoljiti svoje trenutne obrazovne potrebe, a i po savjetu roditelja i prijatelja, Pavao Wolf se, po završetku gimnazije u Zagrebu iste godine ujesen, upisao na Filozofski fakultet Sveučilišta u Leipzigu na kojem je do ljeta 1914. godine odslušao četiri semestra.Profesori su mu među ostalima bili Paul Barth, AugustSchmar-sow, EduardSpranger, Wilhelm WundtiJohannesImanuel Volkelt s kojim je bio najbliži. PAVAO WOLF16 GODINA

28. Vuk Pavlović Up to 1918, the youthful Pavao Wolf published a number of his translations along some of his articles. He was successful at translating Boccaccio, Tagore and Strindberg (while visiting Zagreb in 1926, Rabindranath Tagore signed a copy of Wolf’s translation of Gitanjali). Pavao Wolf signed all his works as Vuk Pavlović – one needs no particular perceptive ability to conclude that he arrived at ‘Vuk’ of the pseudonym by having simply translated ‘Wolf’, his original surname, into Croatian, and that ‘Pavlović’ emerged as the Vuk Pavlović Do 1918. godine mladi je Pavao Wolf uz neke svoje članke objavio i veći broj prijevoda. Uspješno je prevodio Boccaccia, Tagoru i Strindberga (kad je 1926. Rabindranath Tagore došao u Zagreb potpisao mu se na jedan primjerak prijevoda Gitanjali). Sve svoje radove Pavao Wolf potpisivao je pseudonimom Vuk Pavlović i nije potrebna osobita oštroumnost da se dokuči kako je ime “Vuk” nastalo jednostavnim prijevodom prezimena “Wolf”, a “Pavlović” pretvaranjem vlastitog

29. Croatian version of his first name ‘Pavao’.Thus, as a writer, Pavao Wolf was Vuk Pavlović. Yet, only during his youth. Having become of full legal age at the age of 24 (in accord with the Austro-Hungarian law at the time), on 18 May 1918, he officially changed his surname – he added a hyphen between ‘Vuk’ and ‘Pavlović’ of his pseudonym, and made Vuk-Pavlović his official surname. Hence, via his pseudonym Vuk Pavlović, Pavao Wolf became Pavao Vuk-Pavlović. imena “Pavao” u hrvatsko prezime.Kao pisac dakle Pavao Wolf bio je Vuk Pavlović. No, samo za vrijeme svoje malodobnosti. Stekavši sa 24 godine punoljetnost (po tadašnjem austro-ugarskom zakonu) on je i službeno 18. svibnja 1918. promijenio prezime, te je cijeli svoj pseudonim - dodavši između “Vuk” i “Pavlović” crticu - pretvorio u prezime. Tako je Pavao Wolf, pseudonimom Vuk Pavlović, postao Pavao Vuk-Pavlović. Pavao Vuk-Pavlović 1918.

30. Pavao Vuk-Pavlović – Life and Activity in Croatia At the end of World War I, on 7 September 1918, Pavao Vuk-Pavlović enrolled in the Faculty of Philosophy at the University of Zagreb. He paid particular attention to the philosophy and pedagogy lectures of Đuro Arnold, and also partook in his pedagogy seminar. Even though it is difficult to say just how much Đuro Arnold influenced Vuk-Pavlović’s later orientation and commitment to the philosophy of education, or pedagogics as he Pavao Vuk Pavlović - razdoblje života i djelovanja u Hrvatskoj Po završetku rata upisuje se Pavao Vuk-Pavlović, 7. rujna 1918. godine, na Filozofski fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, gdje s osobitom pozornošću sluša predavanja Đure Arnolda iz filozofije i pedagogike, a sudjeluje i u njegovu pedagogijskom seminaru. Iako je teško reći koliko je Đuro Arnold utjecao na kasnije Vuk-Pavlovićevo opredjeljenje za bavljenje filozofijom odgoja, odnosno pedagogikom kako je i

31. himself named it at the beginning, it is certain that, as professor and student, they mutually respected each other. Besides Arnold, Vuk-Pavlović’s other lecturers at the University of Zagreb were Albert Bazala and Vladimir Dvorniković in philosophy, Stjepan Tropsch and Gustav Šamšalović in German language and literature, and Đuro Šurmin and Milan Rešetar in Croatian language. In addition to participating in Arnold’s seminar in pedagogy, Vuk-Pavlović also participated in the seminars given by Bazala and Tropsch. on u početku imenuje, sigurno je da su se profesor i student uzajamno veoma cijenili. Pored Arnolda, Vuk-Pavloviću su na zagrebačkom Sveučilištu profesori još bili Albert Bazala i Vladimir Dvorniković iz filozofije, Stjepan Tropsch i Gustav Šamšalović iz njemačkog jezika i književnosti, te Đuro Šurmin i Milan Rešetar iz hrvatskog jezika. Osim u Arnoldovom seminaru iz pedagogike Vuk-Pavlović je sudjelovao i u seminarima kod Bazale i Tropscha. Đuro Arnold

32. In January 1920 he became a member of the Croatian Peasant Party, and in the autumn of 1920 he enrolled in the Faculty of Law, where he completed three semesters by the spring of 1922. U siječnju 1920. postao je članom Hrvatske seljačke stranke, a u jesen 1920. upisao se na pravni fakultet na kojem je do proljeća 1922. odslušao tri semestra. Vuk-Pavlović passed his philosophical-pedagogic pre-exam (and achieved top marks) on 15 July 1919, and on 22 June 1920 the University of Zagreb gave him the status of an absolvent, i.e. released him from having to attend any more lectures. Immediately after that, on 1 July 1920, he handed in his doctor’s degree dissertation Knowledge and Epistemology. A Methodical Attempt with Particular Attention Given to the Problem of Evidentness. The dissertation was approved in August. Filozofičko-pedagogički predispit položio je (odličnim uspjehom) 15. srpnja 1919. godine, a 22. lipnja 1920. zagrebačko Sveučilište izdalo mu je apsolutorij.Odmah potom, 1. srpnja 1920. godine, predao je doktorsku disertaciju Spoznaja i spoznajna teorija. Metodički pokušaj s osobitim obzirom na problem očitosti, a u kolovozu je disertacija bila aprobirana.

33. On 4 October of the same year, he passed his doctor’s degree exam in German as his minor, and on 13 January 1921 in philosophy as his major subject. With this, he met all the set criteria for promotion into the degree of a Doctor of Philosophy, and was thus promoted on 31 January 1921 at the University of Zagreb. Iste godine, 4. listopada, položio je rigoroz iz njemačkog jezika kao sporedne, a 13. siječnja 1921. godine iz filozofije kao glavne struke. Time je zadovoljio postavljene zahtjeve i 31. siječnja 1921. godine Pavao Vuk-Pavlović promoviran je na Sveučilištu u Zagrebu za doktora filozofije.

34. He submitted an application for sitting the professorship exams in philosophy and pedagogy as his majors and in German language as his minor subject to the Royal Board for Secondary School Teacher Candidate Examination already on 21 February 1921. In July of the same year he supple-mented the above app-lication with a new one, with which he reques-ted that his doctor’s degree dissertation be accepted as his homework in philosophy, and that a topic in pedagogy be assigned to him. Već 21. veljače 1921. podnosi vladinom povje-renstvu za ispiti-vanje kandidata srednjoškolskih učitelja molbu za polaganje profe-sorskog ispita iz filozofije i peda-gogije kao glavnih i iz njemačkog jezika kao spored-nog predmeta. U srpnju iste godine dopunjuje tu molbu novom kojom traži da mu se doktorska disertacija prizna kao domaća radnja iz filozofije, a iz pedagogije da mu se tema zada.

35. Based on the opinion of Albert Bazala, Vuk-Pavlović’s doc-tor’s degree disser-tation Knowledge and Epistemology was indeed accepted as his homework, and on 15 July 1921 he was Na osnovi mišljenja Alberta Bazale zaista mu je kao domaća radnja priznata doktorska disertacija Spoznaja i spoznajna teorija, dok mu je iz pedagogike Đuro Arnold 15. srpnja assigned the topic of The Possibilities and Limits of Aesthetic Education from the Perspective of Individual and Social Pedagogics by Đuro Arnold.It was precisely the need for the acquisition of additional knowledge for a satisfactory completion of the above assignment that led Vuk-Pavlović to Berlin in October 1921. He spent two semesters at the University of Berlin studying practical disciplines, and attended the lectures of Alfred Vierkandt, Alois Riehl and other less distinguished professors (F. J. Schmidt, Liepmann, 1921. zadao kao zadatak domaće radnje temu “Mogućnost i granice estetskoga uzgoja u vidu individualne i socijalne pedagogike”. Upravo potreba za stjecanjem dodatnih saznanja neophodnih za valjano dovršenje te radnje odvela ga je u listopadu 1921. u Berlin. Na sveučilištu je proveo dva semestra studirajući praktičke discipline, a slušao je Alfreda Vierkandta, Aloisa Riehla i druge manje poznate profesore (F.J. Schmidta, Liepmanna, Jakobson-Laska). Osobito se zanimao

36. Jakobson-Lask). He was particularly interested in aesthetics, ethics, sociology, pedagogy and applied psy-chology.In addition to the lectures he attended and the seminars he participated in at the university (primarily those dealing with issues in pedagogy), aspiring to com-plete his studies, Vuk-Pavlović also attended the Central Institute for Educa-tion and Teaching in Berlin. Consequently, he gained direct insight into the work estetikom, etikom, sociologijom, pedagogikom i primjenjenom psihologijom. Pored predavanja koja je slušao i seminara u kojima je sudjelovao na sveučilištu (prije svega onima koji su se bavili pedagoškom problematikom), Vuk-Pavlović je, u težnji da upotpuni svoj studij, polazio i Centralni institut za odgoj i In Berlin 1921 U Berlinu 1921. of a large number of educational establish-ments and schools in Berlin and its surro-undings. He was particularly interested in the education of gifted children, yet he also visited boarding schools and educational establishments for juvenile delinquents, centres for the mentally handicapped and poorly developed children. nastavu u Berlinu. Time je stekao neposredan uvid u rad većeg broja odgojnih ustanova i škola u Berlinu i njegovoj okolici. Posebno se zanimao za odgoj nadarene djece, no pored škola za nadarene obišao je internate i odgajališta za teško odgojivu mladež, dom za zaostalu i slabo nadarenu djecu.

37. Having completed the sum-mer semester at the Univer-sity of Berlin and having returned to Zagreb in 1922, in September of the same year Vuk-Pavlović was given a teaching post in philoso-phical propaedeutics and German language at the 3rd Real Gymnasium in Zagreb, established that very year. During his career as a secondary teacher, Vuk-Pavlović published Know-ledge and Epistemology (1926, his doctor’s degree dissertation reviewed), and four smaller works, on the basis of which, alongside Vrativši se po završetku ljetnog semestra iz Berlina, imenovan je u rujnu 1922. nastavnikom filozofske propedeutike i njemačkog jezika na III. realnoj gimnaziji u Zagrebu koja je osnovana upravo te godine. Za vrijeme dok je djelovao kao srednjoškolski nastav-nik Vuk-Pavlović objavio je knjigu Spoznaja i spoznajna teorija (1926., dorađena doktorska disertacija), te četiri manja rada, što mu je uz neka javna predavanja pribavilo izbor za dopisnog člana JAZU (izabran je 5. srpnja 1928). Vuk-Pavlović 1929. Odlukom Ministarstva prosvjete u kolovozu 1928. preuzima mjesto profesora na Višoj pedagoškoj školi gdje predaje teorijsku i praktičku filozofiju, teorijsku pedagogiku, te povijest filozofije i pedagogike. No, već za some public lectures he held, Vuk-Pavlović was granted a correspondence membership at the Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts on 5 July 1928.According to a decision by the Ministry of

38. Education, in August 1928 he took over a professorship post at the Senior Pedagogic School, where he taught theoretic and applied philosophy, theoretic pedagogy, and the history of philosophy and pedagogy. However, within a year’s time already, on 3 August 1929 the Ministry of Education selected Vuk-Pavlović through a tender and appointed him a docent in philosophy at the Faculty of Philosophy of the University of Zagreb.As of the academic year 1931-32, Vuk-Pavlović lectured godinu dana novom je odlukom Ministarstva prosvjete po provedenom natječaju i izboru postavljen 3. kolovoza 1929. za docenta filozofije na Filozofskom fakultetu u Zagrebu. Od školske godine 1931/32. Vuk-Pavlović je nositelj kolegija u kojima ima prilike razlagati stavove iz svog neobjavljenog djela Moguć-nost i granice estetskog uzgoja u vidu individualne i socijalne pedagogike Vuk-Pavlović 1932. papers in which he had the opportunity to expound his standpoints from his unpublished work The Possibilities and Limits of Aesthetic Education from the Perspective of Individual and Social Pedagogics (1922), i.e. to discuss the issues of aesthetics and pedagogy, something that will have remained the focus of his permanent interest, and will (1922.), tj. baviti sepitanjima estetike i odgoja što će ostatipredmetom njegova trajnog zanimanja i obilježiti cjelokupnu njegovu predavačku djelatnost. Udubljivanje u problematiku filozofije odgoja rezultiralo je knjigom Ličnost i odgoj (1932.) koja je pobudila znatan interes i vjerojatno je najpoznatije Vuk-Pavlovićevo djelo (i njemu je samom bilo najdraže).

39. have marked his entire teaching career. Him having comprehensively and deeply entered the issues of the philosophy of education resulted in the book Personality and Education (1932), which caught the attention of many, and which is probably his most celebrated work (it was his favourite, too). In the coming years, up to 1940, he published a gre-at number of articles and two books: The Creative Character of Đuro Arnold (1934) and Spinoza’s U sljedećem godinama, do 1940. godine, objavio je veći broj čla-naka i dvije knjige Stva-ralački lik Đure Arnolda (1934.) i Spi-nozina nauka (1938.).Od članaka po-sebno treba istaknuti “Po-litika, odgoj, religija” i “Teorija i od-gojna zbilja”, Vuk-Pavlović 1934 in Granitz’s hause Vuk-Pavlović 1934. u Granitzovoj kući Doctrine (1938). From all the articles published during that period, special attention should be paid to the following: “Politics, Education, Religion” and “Theory and Educational Reality”, both published in Napredak (Progress) during 1934, and probably objavljene u Napretku tijekom 1934., te vjerojatno njegov najbolji članak “Vrednota i stvaralaštvo”, objavljen u Napretku 1937. Pored toga živo je sudjelovao u kulturnim

40. his best article “Value and Creativity”, also published in Napredak (Progress) in 1937. In addition, he actively participated in cultural events as in Croatia so abroad too, where he also partook in international philosophical conferences with noted presentations. It was during this period that Vuk-Pavlović proved himself an original thinker and fruitful philosophi-cal writer. He became a mem-ber of the Regular Examination Board for Professorship Exams in Zagreb, and in 1936 a full member of the Croatian Pedagogic-Literary Assembly. zbivanjima kako u nas tako i u inozemstvu, gdje je sudjelovao na međunarodnim filozofskim kongresima sa zapaženim izlaganjima. U tom razdoblju on se dokazuje kao izvorni mislilac i plodan filozofski pisac. Postao je članom Stalne ispitne komisije za profesorske ispite u Zagrebu, a 1936. godine izabran je za pravog člana Hrvatskog pedagoško-književnog Zbora. Vuk-Pavlović 1941. Yet, he was not progressing in his career as a university lecturer irrespective of all of the above. At the time of the first re-selections in 1935, Vuk-Pavlović was again appointed a docent, and already at the second re-selections in 1941 he was No, i pored toga u nastavničkom zvanju na fakultetu nije napredo-vao. Pri prvom reizboru 1935. biran je Vuk-Pavlović ponovno u zvanje docenta, a pri drugomreizboru

41. suspended and shortly after sent into retirement, although he was removed from his classes prior to that, i.e. already at the beginning of the winter semester of 1940-41. The reasons behind it are still unresolved (one should, however, not disregard the already manifest anti-Semitism at the time).After his father, Slavko Wolf, died in 1936, and on the initiative of his mother, in 1937 Pavao Vuk- 1941. suspendiran je i ubrzo potom umirovljen, ali je iz nastave odstranjen već u zimskom semestru 1940/41. Razlozi tome još uvijek su nerazjašnjeni (ne treba međutim isključiti i u to vrijeme već izraženi antisemitizam).Nakon što mu je 1936. godine umro otac Slavko Wolf i na majčin poticaj, Pavao Vuk-Pavlović oženio se1937. Trudom Janka Wolf 1929. Pavlović married Truda (Gertruda) Reich, a Catholic woman of Jewish descent, and today a famous Croatian music teacher. They, however, soon separated; their divorce was finalised in 1943.After his mother Janka ended up in prison in 1941, which he barely managed to get her out from with the help of his former (Gertrudom) Reich katolkinjom židovskog podrijetla, danas poznatom hrvatskom glazbeno-odgojnom djelatnicom, s kojom se međutim brzo razišao, a 1943. su se i konačno razveli.Nakon što mu je majka Janka 1941. godine završila u zatvoru, odakle ju je jedva izbavio pomoću bivših i još mu

42. though still loyal students, Vuk-Pavlović was forced to face the loss of what he always valued most in life – his teaching career and participation in cultural life.The new state denied all his teaching capabilities and confiscated their family property. The government issued an order that he and his mother move from the city centre (Square of Petar Preradović) to a small house at no. 14 Ludbreška Street in the Trešnjevka suburb (which was on the very outskirts of the city at the time), which Janka uvijek odanih studenata, Vuk-Pavlović morao se suočiti s gubitkom onoga što mu je u životu uvijek najviše značilo. Nastavničke djelatnost i sudjelovanja u kulturnom životu.Nova se država odrekla njegovih nastavničkih mogućnosti, konfiscirajući im obiteljsku imovinu. Po nalogu vlasti morao se s majkom Jankom preseliti iz centra grada (Preradovićev trg) u kućicu u Ludbreškoj 14 na Trešnjevci (tada je to bilo na samoj periferiji Ludbreška 14(fotografija iz 1996.) Wolf purchased with the money she obta-ined from having sold the shares in Tipogra-fija d.d. after her husband’s death, antici-pating the wickedness that was already and at large sweeping across Europe. grada), koju je Janka Wolf kupila od novca dobivenog prodajom dionica Tipografije d.d. nakon muževe smrti, sluteći zlo koje se već uveliko valjalo Europom.

43. Vuk-Pavlović 1943., Ludbreška Street Vuk-Pavlović 1943., Ludbreška ulica

44. After World War II ended, the new Yugoslav gover-nment reactivated him as a victim of fascism, and reinstated Vuk-Pavlović in his old lecturing post at the Faculty of Philosophy in Zagreb. It seemed that his life took a turn for the better. On 24 July 1947 he married Ljelja Dobronić, a Nakon II. svjetskog rata nove jugoslavenske vlasti reaktivirale su ga kao žrt-vu fašizma i vratile mu na-stavnički posao na Filozof-skom fakultetu u Zagrebu. Činilo se da mu je život krenuo nabolje. S Leljom Dobronić, danas ugled-nom hrvatskom znanstve-nicom i autoricomdjela o Lelja Dobronić & Vuk-Pavlović 1945. museum curator at the time holding a doc-tor’s degree, a renowned Croatian scientist today and author of a book on the history of Zagreb, whom he knew from birth, and whose family he had close relations with.Yet, his philosophical consistence soon led him to conflict with the new authorities. By having rejected to transform his lecturing platform into a locus which the winners’ ideology would be spread from, Vuk-Pavlović again found himself at the mercy of political giants.Only a few days after the Christmas of povijesti Zagreba, a tada muzejskim kusto-som s doktoratom, koju je poznavao od njenog rođenja i s čijom je obitelji bio u pri-snim odnosima, oženio se 24. srpnja 1947.No, njegova filozofska dosljednost ubrzo ga je i s novom vlašću dovela u sukob. Odbijajući nastavničku govornicu pretvoriti u mjesto odakle će se rasprostirati pobjednička ideologija ponovo je pao u nemilost političkih moćnika. Nekoliko dana nakon Božića 1947. godine, poslije veoma uspjelog predavanja o Plotinu pred prepunom dvoranom, jedan broj studenata

45. Pavao & Stanimir Vuk-Pavlović 1951. 1947, and after a very successful lecture on Ploti-nus before a full auditorium, a number of communist students (some of whom are later to become distin-guished and indeed great philosophers) boycotted his lecture exactly when it was about to start, objecting that he did not talk about Marx, and asked him to leave.Soon into 1948 Vuk-Pavlović was transferred to the University Library Services as a senior komunista (među kojima neki kasnije uvaženi, a i zaista vrsni filozofi) organizirano ga je bojkotirao u trenutku kada je trebao započeti seminar, negodujući što ne govori o Marxu i tražeći od njega da ode.Uskoro je 1948. godine Vuk-Pavlović prebačen u službu Sveučilišne knjižnice kao viši bibliotekar gdje je uređivao stručni katalog filozofskih djela. U prosincu 1949.obitelj je dobila prinovu, sina Stanimira, i Vuk-Pavlović je novi posao, iako nerado, obavljao savjesno, svjestan odgovornost za obitelj. librarian, where he worked on arranging the professional catalogue of philosophical works. In December 1949 Ljelja Dobronić gave birth to a son, Stanimir, and, regardless of his reluctance, Vuk-Pavlović continued to perform his duties at his newly assigned post conscientiously, aware of his responsibility for his family.

46. But, considering that he was a genuine phi-losopher and an already established uni-versity lecturer, his new post was not only humiliating, but also rather strenuous for a fifty-year-old of his constitution – conse-quently, his heart fell ill. As a result, he did Ali za autentičnog filozofa i već afirmiranog sveučilišnog nastavnika, kakav je on bio, to je bilo ne samo ponižavajuće, nego za pedesetogodišnjaka njegove fizičkekons-titucije i prenaporno, te je obolio nasrcu. Stoga ni tu nije ostao dugo. Već 1951. not stay long at this post either. He was given a disability pension already in 1951.It was only in the years following his second forced retirement that Vuk-Pavlović started to participate in a lar-ger number of inter-national philosophi-calconferences određena mu je invalidska mirovina.Tek u godinama na-kon drugog prisilnog umirovljenja Vuk-Pavlović je sudjelo-vao na većem broju međunarodnih filozofskih kongresa, na kojima je imao zapaženih izlaganja. Posebnu pozornost izazvalo je njegovo Erice 1958 with noted presentations. Particular attenti-on was given to his paper “Gemeinschaft und Scheingemeinschaft” (Zurich, 1954), which diverged from the then dominant view regarding international relations. Izlaganje“Gemeinschaft und Scheinge-meinschaft”, na II. internacionalnom kon-gresu filozofije znanosti u Zürichu 1954. godine, koje je odstupalo od tada vladaju-ćeg mišljenja o međunarodnim odnosima.

47. The Life and Philosophical Influence of Vuk-Pavlović in Macedonia Regardless of the fact that formally it was justified by the state of his health, the disability pension he was receiving could not satisfy him spiritually. Thus, when in 1958, through the mediation of certain people who appreciated his philosophical value, a lecturing post at the University of Skopje was offered to him, Vuk-Pavlović and his wife understood that that was an opportunity, which perhaps both his health and life depended upon; although aware of the impact that that would have on their family life, their decision was that Vuk-Pavlović accept the post. Thus, he moved to Skopje. His wife and son stayed in Zagreb, where she worked as a museum curator and, as of the end of the 60s of the 20th century, the director of the Historical Museum of Croatia. At the Faculty of Philosophy in Skopje, Vuk-Pavlović was first an associate professor, and already in Vuk-Pavlovićev život i filozofski utjecaj u MakedonijiInvalidska mirovina koja mu je određena, iako formalno opravdana njegovim tadašnjim zdravstvenim stanjem, nije ga mogla duhovno zadovoljiti. Stoga, kad mu je, posredstvom ljudi koji su znali njegovu filozofsku vrijednost, 1958. godine ponuđeno mjesto nastavnika na Sveučilištu u Skopju supružnici su shvatili da je to prilika o kojoj mu možda ovisi zdravlje i život, pa iako svjesni problema koje će to imati za njihov obiteljski život odlučili su da Vuk-Pavlović prihvati ponudu. Tako je on preselio u Skopje, a supruga je sa sinom ostala u Zagrebu gdje je radila kao muzejski kustos, a od kraja šezdesetih godina i kao direktor Povijesnog muzeja Hrvatske. Na Filozofskom fakultetu u Skopju Vuk-Pavlović je izabran najprije u zvanje izvanrednog, a već 1961. godine i u zvanje redovitog profesora Etike i Estetike, te predstojnika Katedre za filozofiju. Kao

48. 1961 he became a full professor of ethics and aesthetics, and the Head of the Department of Philosophy. Acting as the Head of the Department of Philosophy of the Faculty of Philosophy at the University of Skopje, in 1959 Vuk-Pavlović established an aesthetic laboratory, a unique institution of its kind. The laboratory was to help him teach aesthetics by the means of careful illustrations, which were to help students understand art in an easier and better fashion. In fact, it was the extension of the experiences of experimental aesthetics of his professors from Leipzig, though based on his very own solutions of different philosophical issues, and personal interests in art and education. predstojnik Katedre za filozofiju Filozofskog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Skopju Vuk-Pavlović je 1959. godine osnovao Estetički laboratorij, jedinstvenu ustanovu takve vrste, u kojem je nastavu estetike nas-tojao popratiti zornim primjerima koji su studentima trebali omogućiti lakše i bolje razumijevanje umjet-nosti. Bio je to zapravo produžetak iskustava eksperimentalne estetike njegovih profesora iz Leipziga, ali na osnovi vlastitih rješenja različitih filozofskih problema, te osobnog zanimanja za umjetnost i odgoj. Vuk-Pavlović 1961.

49. Vuk-Pavlović’s family lived stretched bet-ween Zagreb and Skopje for over ten ye-ars. During that time, letters travelled daily in both directions, and each opportunity for a visit was taken by either the wife and son in Zagreb or the husband and father in Skopje. Vuk-Pavlović’s son completed his primary, secondary and tertiary education (he studied biology inZagreb) during his Više od desetak godina Vuk-Pavlovićeva je obitelj živjela na relaciji Zagreb – Skopje. Za to su vrijeme pisma svakodnevno putovala u oba smjera, a svaka je prilika korištena da supruga i sin posjete muža i oca ili da on dođe u Zagreb. Za vrijeme Vuk-Pavlovićeva boravka u Skopju sin mu je završio osnovnu i srednju školu i završavao studij biologije u Zagrebu. Život father’s stay in Skopje. Living in hotels and rented apartments far from his family, and the frequent long-distance travels were certainly not the best condition for either work or creativity.Yet, it was during his stay and activity in Skopje that Vuk- u hotelima i podstanarstvu, daleko od obitelji, te česta dugačka putovanja jamačno nisu bili najbolji uvjeti ni za rad ni za stvaralaštvo. Pa ipak za vrijeme boravka i djelovanja u Skopju Vuk-Pavlović je napisao i objavio Pavao & Stanimir Vuk-Pavlović 1961.

50. Pavlović wrote and published in either Croatian or Macedonian a number of valued philosophical works and two books of poems.In 1971 he participated in the 1st Con-gress of the Association of Philosophy and Sociology of the Federal Republic of Macedonia in Ohrid with the paper “On the na hrvatskom ili makedonskom jeziku niz vrijednih filozofski djela i dvije knjige pjesama. Godine 1971. sudjelovao je na I. skupu Društva za filozofiju i sociologiju SR Makedonije u Ohridu, s izlaganjem “Značenje povijesne predaje”. Meaning of Historical Tradition”.In addition, during his stay in Mace-donia, Vuk-Pavlović wro-te and published papers in western-European journals written in either German or French. He also participated in a large number of inter-national conferences in the West.Irrespective of the fact that Vuk-Pavlović continued to uncompro-misingly defend philoso-phy and education from Osim toga za vrijeme boravka u Makedoniji Vuk-Pavlović je napisao i u zapadnoeuropskim časopisima objavio radove na njemačkom ili francuskom jeziku, te sudjelovao i u znatnom broju međunarodnih filozofskih skupova na Zapadu.Iako je i nadalje nepomirljivo branio filozofiju i odgoj od presizanja politike čini se da ga vlast više nije držala opasnim, te ga je Vuk-Pavlović 1967.