American Revolution

1. American Revolution

2. Chapter 6 Section 1 Objective: Describe the actions taken by the First Continental Congress. Evaluate how the fighting at Lexington and Concord affected the colonies with Great Britain. Analyze the accomplishes of the Second Continental Congress. Explain the ways that geography influenced the early battles of the war. The Revolution Begins

3. John Dickinson/ Patrick Henry

4. Declaration of Rights

5. I. The First Continental Congress • A Meeting in Philadelphia • The First Continental Congress met in September1774. • Included 56 delegates, from every colony except Georgia. • Debates • John Dickinson called for peace with Britain • Patrick Henry argued that war was inevitable • Delegates decided to continue to boycott British goods and warn colonial militias to prepare. • Sent Declaration of Rights to King George III listing freedoms they demanded. • Agreed to meet in May 1775 if king did not support their demands.

6. Important Questions What were the results of the First Continental Congress? • -Continue the boycott • -prepare the militias • -send a list of demands to King George III

7. Minutemen/ Militia

8. Thomas Gage

9. Paul Revere’s Ride

10. Lexington and Concord

12. II. The “Shot Heard round the World” • High Tensions • Boston militias called themselves minutemen because they could fight on a minute’s notice. • British general Thomas Gage decided to take the militia’s weapons, which were stored in the town of Concord. • On April 18, 1775, Paul Revere and another man raced on horses to warn minutemen of the British troop movements • Bloodshed • Minutemen gathered at Lexington, near Concord. • Shots were exchange, and the British continued march to Concord. • Colonists had hidden the weapons, so few were found. • As the British returned to Boston, colonists killed many Redcoats, the colonists’ name for the soldiers.

13. Important Questions What events led to the beginning of the fighting between colonists and British soldiers? • -Gage wanted to seize militia weapons at Concord: Paul Revere warned minutemen who assembled in Lexington: Shot were exchanged.

14. Second Continental Congress

15. Continental Army

16. George Washington

17. Olive Branch Petition

18. III. The Second Continental Congress • The Meeting • Delegates to the Second Continental Congress met in Philadelphia in May 1775. • Decided not to break away from Britain. • Created a Continental Army to defend the colonies. • Selected George Washington as commander. • A Peace Offering • Sent Olive Branch Petition, a peace offer to King George III • King George III rejected the proposal.

19. Important Questions Why did the delegates send the Olive Branch Petition to King George III? • -to make it clear that even though they were forming an army, they still desired peace.

20. Battle of Bunker Hill

22. IV. Early Battles • Minutemen held Boston under siege- a situation in which soldiers surround a city or fort. • Colonial forces gathered on Breeds Hill and Bunker Hill to fend off the British. • Defeated by the British at Battle of Bunker Hill

23. Important Questions What effect do you think the victory at the Battle of Bunker Hill had on colonials attitudes? • -it made colonists confident that they could win in their struggle against the British.

25. Chapter 6 Section 2 Objective: Evaluate the influence of Thomas Paine’s Common Sense. Identify the main ideas in the Declaration of Independence. Explain Americans to the Independence. Declaring Independence

27. I. Paine's Common Sense • Biography • a self-educated British Quaker • Wrote Common Sense • Paine wrote as a common person speaking to common people • His Ideas • He said that the people, not kings and queens, should make the laws • demand their independence • Influenced colonists’

28. Important Questions 1) What did Common Sense become popular with the colonists? -Written in a style that common people could understand. 2) What arguments did Paine make in his pamphlet? -The people, not Kings and Queens, should make laws; and the colonies should demand their independence from Great Britain.

30. II. Declaring Independence • The Committee • Second Continental Congress created a committee to write a document declaring the colonies’ independence • The committee: John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, Robert R. Livingston, and Roger Sherman. • Three Main Idea’s of the Declaration of Independence. • all men possess unalienable rights. • King George III had violated the colonists’ rights. • The right to break away from Britain • July 4, 1776 approved Declaration of Independence, creating USA

31. Important Questions 1) Why do you think Loyalists fled the colonies? -Their views were very unpopular with the colonists who supported independence.

33. III. Choosing Sides • Colonists who chose to fight for independence became known as Patriots • Loyalists • Those who remained loyal to Great Britain were called Loyalists or Tories. • More than 100,000 Loyalists fled the colonies during the Revolution

35. IV. Other Reactions to the Independence • Women • Many women were Patriots. • The Declaration failed to mention women at all. • Abigail Adams, the wife of John Adams, asked her husband to protect the rights of women. • African Americans • The Declaration did not recognize the rights of enslaved African Americans. • The Revolution raised questions about whether slavery should exist in a land that valued liberty. • The conflict over slavery continued long after the Revolutionary War had ended. • The issue of slavery remained unsolved

36. Important Questions • Why did the American Revolution raise questions about slavery in the United States? - Colonists accusing Britain of violating their rights had to face the reality that African Americans in the United States were denied their unalienable rights.

38. Ch 6 Section 3 Objectives: Objectives: 1. What were the Patriots' advantages and disadvantages at the beginning of the Revolutionary War? 2. How did different groups contribute to the war effort? 3. What problems did the Patriots face in Canada and New York? Dark Hours For the Revolution

39. I. Comparing Strengths and Weaknesses • . • . • . • . • . • . • .

40. I. Comparing Strengths and Weaknesses • Great Britain’s Advantages. • More Money and resources than the colonies. • Well-trained army and largest navy in the world: colonies had poorly-trained militias and no navy at all. • Colonies Advantages. • Many Americans supported the revolutionary cause. • Fighting on home ground: Britain had to ship supplies across the Atlantic. • Fighting for a cause in which they believed : Britain’s army included some mercenaries, or hired soldiers, not dedicated to the British cause.

41. Important Questions What military advantages did the British have over the colonists? Well trained army, largest navy in the world What advantages did the colonists have over the British? Many Americans strongly supported the revolution, and they were fighting on home ground for a cause in which they believed.

42. II. Call to Arms • . • . • . • . • . • . • .

43. II. Call to Arms • American Soldiers • More than 230,000 soldiers served in the Continental Army. • 145,000 Americans joined local militias. • African Americans at War. • southerners did not want the American forces to include black soldiers. Washington soon banned African Americans from serving in the army. • 1775 Lord Dunmore's Proclamation promised freedom to any slave who fought for the British. • Continental Army began allowing free African Americans to enlist, and eventually some 5,000 joined

44. Important Questions Why did the Continental Army decide to allow free African Americans to enlist? • In response to Lord Dunmore’s Proclamation, which offered freedom to any African American who fought for the British.

45. III. Other Sources of Help • . • . • . • . • . • . • . • .

46. III. Other Sources of Help • A. American Indian. • Mohawk leader Thayendanegea (Joseph Brant) persuaded many of the Iroquois to support the British. • Patriots worked hard just to keep American Indians neutral. • Women • Ran farms and businesses while men served as soldiers. • Raised money for supplies or joining sewing groups to make uniforms • served as messengers, nurses, or spies . • Mary Ludwig Hays earned the nickname Molly Pitcher by bringing water to thirsty Patriot troops. Took husband place loading cannons.

47. Important Questions In what ways did women serve the patriot cause? • Running farms and business • Raising money for supplies • Sewing uniforms • Working as messengers, nurses, or spies • Serving in battle

48. IV. British Victories • Canada • Patriot troops took St. John’s, Canada and Montreal. • British won a major victory when the Patriots attacked Quebec. • New York • British General William Howe drove the Continental Army off of Long Island. • After several months they pushed Washington out of New York.

49. IV. British Victories • . • . • . • . • . • .

50. Important Questions What victories did the British enjoy in the early years of the war? • They defeated the Patriots at Quebec • Drove the Continental Army out of New York