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Atomic Theory Class #1

Atomic Theory Class #1. OB: Students will examine basic structure of the atom, learn what the numbers on the Periodic table mean, and look at electron orbitals. Take out your WHITE periodic tables now. All atoms are made up of three sub-atomic (smaller than atoms) parts. They are the .

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Atomic Theory Class #1

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  1. Atomic Theory Class #1 OB: Students will examine basic structure of the atom, learn what the numbers on the Periodic table mean, and look at electron orbitals. Take out your WHITE periodic tables now.

  2. All atoms are made up of three sub-atomic (smaller than atoms) parts. They are the

  3. All atoms are made up of three sub-atomic (smaller than atoms) parts. They are the

  4. The mass of an electron is NOT ZERO, but it’s so small, about 1/1750 of a proton or neutron, that we will disregard it’s mass. It’s an intro class, and we can’t measure these masses in our class anyway, but it’s not really zero in the real world. The nucleus is the small, dense center of an atom where the protons and neutrons live. Electrons fly around outside, relatively far away. In this model, the nucleus is the yellow ball in the middle. It does not show it, but inside must be three protons and probably 4 neutrons. This is a model of atom #3, which is LITHIUM. It’s a cartoon, it’s not even what we think atoms look like, but it’s cute.

  5. The mass of all atoms are measured in super tiny masses called AMU, or ATOMIC MASS UNITS. The vocabulary is building up already. This is a topic toNOT FALL BEHIND ON. Masses for the subatomic particles (approximate) Protons = 1 amu each Neutrons = 1 amu each Electrons = zero mass in high school chem

  6. Atomic Mass 12.011 C 6 2-4 Atomic NumberElectronConfiguration

  7. Atomic Mass Numbers will be rounded to the nearest whole number (they are not really whole numbers, we’ll get to that later) Mass Number = mass of protons plus neutrons Mass = p+ plus n° The mass of sodium is 23 amu. Sodium has a total of 23 protons plus neutrons. How many of each??? Let’s learn how to figure this out

  8. Atomic Mass of Na = 23 amu which is the total number of p+plus n° Minus the protons - 11p+ Equals the n° 12 n° the n° + p+ = mass Let’s try the same for atom #50 which is TIN.

  9. Let’s do TIN, Sn An atom of tin = 119 amu which is the total p+ + n° Minus atomic # - 50which is the # p+ 69 left over, which are the neutrons Mass = p+ and n° Minus atomic number = - p+ Equals number of neutrons = n°

  10. All atoms are electrically neutral, The number of p+ = e- The positives = the negatives. Always. Every atom is neutrally charged. The positive protons + negative electrons BALANCE.

  11. How many p+, n° and e- are in these atoms? In Nb Ba

  12. How many p+, n° and e- are in these atoms? In Nb Ba Mass = 115 Minus the At # - 49 Neutrons = 66 • Mass = 93 • Minus the At # - 41 • Neutrons = 52 • Mass = 137 • Minus the At # - 56 • Neutrons = 81

  13. Calcium can also be written properly as: Ca 4020 Atomic mass Atomic number Write the Formal Symbols for these atoms: mercury, chlorine, and copper

  14. Calcium can also be written properly as: Ca 4020 Atomic mass Atomic number Write the Formal Symbols for these atoms: mercury, chlorine, and copper Hg 20180 Cu 6429 Cl 3517

  15. Electrons don’t just fly around crazy, they are organized. Electrons live in orbitals, which are also energy levels. The closer to the nucleus, the lower the energy level the orbital is. The orbitals are only so big, they fit certain numbers of electrons. n = 1 (the first orbital) fits up to 2 electrons total n = 2 (the second orbital) fits up to 8 electrons total n = 3 (the third orbital) fits up to 8 electrons too, (sometimes up to 18) Etc. More to come on this.

  16. Let’s look at the periodic table now Find silver, how many electrons does it have? Find scandium, what is the Electron Configuration? Find sulfur, what’s the Electron Configuration, and total number of electrons? Find oxygen, what’s the Electron Configuration, and total number of electrons?

  17. Let’s look at the periodic table now Find silver, how many electrons does it have? 47 e- Find scandium, what is the electron configuration? Scandium has a: 2-8-9-2 electron configuration Find sulfur, what’s the configuration, and total number of electrons? 16 e- , 2-8-6 Find oxygen, configuration and total? 8 e- , 2-6

  18. For any atom, the atomic number is the number of protons, and also the number of electrons. The electron configuration always adds up to the atomic number. Examples: Na #11 has a 2-8-1 or 2 + 8 + 1 = 11 total e― C #6 has a 2-4 configuration or 2 + 4 = 6 total e― K #19 has a 2-8-8-1 configuration or 2 + 8 + 8 + 1 = 19 total e―

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