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Quantum mechanics unit 1

Quantum mechanics unit 1. Foundations of QM Photoelectric effect, Compton effect, Matter waves The uncertainty principle The Schr ö dinger eqn. in 1D Square well potentials and 1D tunnelling The harmonic oscillator. Last time. Photons Photoelectric effect Compton effect

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Quantum mechanics unit 1

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  1. Quantum mechanics unit 1 • Foundations of QM • Photoelectric effect, Compton effect, Matter waves • The uncertainty principle • The Schrödinger eqn. in 1D • Square well potentials and 1D tunnelling • The harmonic oscillator

  2. Last time • Photons • Photoelectric effect • Compton effect • Matter waves • de Broglie relations • Electron diffraction • Waves related to probability www.le.ac.uk/physics -> people -> Mervyn Roy

  3. Heisenberg uncertainty principle • Fundamental property of quantum systems • Course 3210 Unit 3, Rae Chapter 4 • Inherent uncertainties in predictions – or average spread of a set of repeated measurements Heisenberg - formulation of QM 1927, Nobel prize 1932

  4. Example • The position of a proton is known to within 10-11 m. Calculate the subsequent uncertainty in its position 1 second later. km

  5. Example • An atom in an excited state emits a photon of characteristic frequency, n. The average time between excitation and emission is 10-8 s. Calculate the irreducible linewidth of the transition. Hz

  6. Schrödinger equation • Developed by induction • Tested against experiment for over 80 years • is the wavefunction. This is essentially complex – cannot be identified with any one physical property of the system Schrödinger - formulation of QM 1925-26, Nobel prize 1933

  7. Schrödinger equation • related to probability dx • Wavefunction must be normalised = 1

  8. Time independent Schrödinger equation eigenfunction eigenvalue

  9. Constraints • The wavefunction and its first derivative must be: • Single valued • Finite • Continuous

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