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The End

The End. Robert E. Lee surrendered to Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Court House. Grant did not allow celebration because the southern soldiers were once again U.S. citizens. Reconstruction (1865-1877). Freedmen’s Bureau (1865).

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The End

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  1. The End • Robert E. Lee surrendered to Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Court House. • Grant did not allow celebration because the southern soldiers were once again U.S. citizens.

  2. Reconstruction (1865-1877)

  3. Freedmen’s Bureau (1865) • Gov’t organization that provided food, clothing, healthcare and education to black and white refugees from South

  4. Freedmen’s Bureau Seen Through Southern Eyes Plenty to eat and nothing to do.

  5. Plans for Reconstruction Wartime– Presidential– Congress

  6. 13th Amendment • Ratified in December, 1865. • Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States or any place subject to their jurisdiction. • Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

  7. Lincoln’s Wartime Plan • 10% Plan • Pardon to all who took an oath of loyalty & accepted the 13th amendment • EXCEPT highest ranking Confederate officers. (military & civilian) • When 10% of the voting population in the 1860 election had taken an oath and est. a gov’t, it would be recognized.

  8. Lincoln’s Assassination • Shot in the head by John Wilkes Booth on April 14, 1865 at Ford’s Theatre in Washington D.C. • The assassination occurred five days after Robert E. Lee surrendered at Appomattox.

  9. President Andrew Johnson • 17th (1865 – 1869) • Pro-Union Democrat. • Anti-Aristocrat. (supports small farms) • White Supremacist. “Damn the negroes! I am fighting these traitorous aristocrats, their masters!”

  10. Johnson’s Presidential Plan • 10% of state’s voters - oath to the US Constitution • amnesty with simple oath to all EXCEPT: • Confederate officers • those with property over $20,000 (wealthy planters) • (could apply directly to Johnson for pardon – 13,500 pardoned) • new constitutions must ratify the 13th amendment 1. Disenfranchised certain leading Confederates. 2. Pardoned planter aristocrats brought them back to political power to control state organizations. EFFECTS 3. Republicans were outraged that planter elite were back in power in the South!

  11. Radical (Congressional) Reconstruction

  12. 14th Amendment • Ratified in July, 1868. • Provide a constitutional guarantee of the rights and security of freed people. • Insure against neo-Confederate political power. • Enshrine the national debt while repudiating that of the Confederacy. • Southern states would be punished for denying the right to vote to black citizens!

  13. States cannot deprive anyone of citizenship or voting (13th & 14th) • NO Confederate officer or military leader could hold political office • Military Reconstruction Act - The south would be occupied by federal troops and divided into 5 military districts governed by army generals Radical (Congressional) Reconstruction

  14. Johnson’s Issues:

  15. Congress Breaks with the President • Congress bars SouthernCongressional delegates. • February, 1866  Presidentvetoed the Freedmen’sBureau bill. • March, 1866  Johnsonvetoed the 1866 Civil Rights Act. • Congress passed both bills over Johnson’s vetoes with a 2/3rd majority  1st in U. S. history!!

  16. Reconstruction Acts of 1867 • Tenure of Office Act • The President could not remove any officials without the Senate’s consent • Designed to protect members of Lincoln’s cabinet Edwin Stanton

  17. President Johnson’s Impeachment • Johnson removed Sec of War Stanton • The Republican dominated House passed articles of impeachment

  18. Lawyers argued that Lincoln, not Johnson, had appointed Stanton, so the Tenure of Office Act did not apply to him • Johnson acquitted 35 to 19 (one vote short of required 2/3s vote).

  19. Blacks in Southern Politics • Core voters were black veterans. (literate) • Blacks were politically unprepared. • The 15th amendment guaranteed voting

  20. Black Senate & House Delegates

  21. Black & White Political Participation

  22. Colored Rulein the South?

  23. The Grant Administration (1868-1877)

  24. provides that no government in the United States may prevent a citizen from voting based on that citizen's race, color, or previous condition of servitude (i.e. slavery). It was ratified on February 3, 1870. Women’s rights groups were furious that they were not granted the right to vote. The Fifteenth Amendment ( Amendment XV ) of the United States Constitution

  25. Scandals: • Credit Mobilier – people took advantage of the Pacific Railroad • The Sec of War was taking bribes – impeached & removed • No evidence of Grant being involved, but his choice of associates earn him widespread criticism

  26. The Abandonment of Reconstruction

  27. 1876 Presidential Tickets

  28. Disputed votes Florida, Louisiana, & South Carolina (intimidation of Republican voters) Congress unable to determine the outcome. A Committee of Senators, Congressmen and a Supreme Court Judge decide 1876 Presidential Election

  29. The Political Crisis of 1877 Compromise of 1877 Election of 1876 • Demos. gave presidency to Repub. Hayes • in return troops would be removed from the south • Reconstruction is OVER!!

  30. Hayes Prevails

  31. Alas, the Woes of Childhood… Sammy Tilden—Boo-Hoo! Ruthy Hayes’s got my Presidency, and he won’t give it to me!

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