First Semester Examination Review

1. First Semester Examination Review Multiple Choice Practice Questions

2. Goals of Chartism included all of the following EXCEPT • universal suffrage for men • legalizing strikes • reducing the power of the House of Lords • protection for the working class • ending private possession of property

3. The “factory system” developed because • falling populations in Western nations forced employers to put workers under one roof • periods of drought in Europe limited reliance on water power • governments encouraged factory development as a way to increase revenues • the flying shuttle was too difficult to use in cottage industries • newer machines were generally large and expensive, making the system of workers coming to one place more efficient

4. One of Napoleon’s motives in creating the Concordat of 1801 was to • heal the rift between the French government and the papacy • proclaim the supremacy of the Church in the State affairs • justify the Civil Constitution of the Clergy • promote religious diversity with the French Empire • return lands seized during the revolution to the Church

5. The Committee on Public Safety during the Reign of Terror was similar to the Intendant system of the Bourbons in which way? • both established an expectation of absolute rule • both enforced national law in the French provinces • both established Roman Catholicism as the national religion • both created a national guard to protect the French from foreign invasion • both led to thousands of political executions

6. The Tennis Court Oath was significant in its • declaration of support for the monarch’s absolute rule • tone of compromise with the king • effective denial of the king’s power to dismiss the Estates General’s Third Estate assembly • establishment of the Third Estate • confiscation of Church property to solve France’s financial problems

7. Which of the following captures an essential belief of the Physiocrats in France? • The wealth of a nation consisted in its agriculture and extractive industries, not in trade, commerce, or manufacturing realms. • Governmental regulation of the economy was prerequisite for national progress. • Wealth should be encouraged not through governmental dictation, but through natural laws of free trade and industry. • Religion played no role in society and should be outlawed. • Both A and C

8. The Petition of Right of 1628 contained all of the following provisions EXCEPT • no taxation without Parliamentary consent • the right of habeas corpus • universal suffrage • no quartering of troops in citizens’ homes without the owner’s consent • outlawing of martial law except during wartime

9. “The State of the Monarchy is the supremest thing on Earth; for kings are not only God’s lieutenants upon earth, and sit upon God’s throne, but even by God himself they are called Gods.”The above quote is ascribed to • John Locke • James I of England • Rene Descartes • Thomas Hobbes • George I of England

10. The 1713 Peace of Utrecht • signaled the end of the wars of Louis XIV • ensured the disruption of the Protestant movement in England • weakened Prussian influence in German affairs • heralded in French supremacy of colonial possessions • failed to weaken the Hapsburg threat to the Valois lands

11. Gallicanism was a French movement • pressing for greater constitutionality • urging the king for greater economic autonomy • canvassing for higher taxes on the nobles • toward an independent French Church, more distinct from Rome • promoting increased power of the Roman Church over French provinces

12. Mercantilism was an economic system • based on the accumulation of gold and silver • that came to supplant the largely agrarian economy of the Middle Ages • strove to make a State economically self-maintaining • based on government regulation of the economy • all of the above

13. The most immediate factor in the start of the Thirty Years’ War was • the Defenestration of Prague • the death of Ferdinand II • the rise of Matthias I to power • the Edict of Restitution • Richelieu’s conquest of the Spanish Netherlands

14. The seventeenth century saw the development of the joint-stock company model, which was • supervised by religious orders, such as the Church • banking institutions run by the Fuggers and Medicis • chartered by the State and given monopolistic trading privileges • an organization formed by the selling of shares to individuals taking a direct or indirect role in the company • an investment scheme targeting the poor and uneducated

15. John Calvin looked upon humans as • triumphant religious warriors empowered with choice • helpless creatures unable to effect their own salvation • holy crusaders • rational agents involved in a holy war • all of the above

16. Protestantism diverged from Catholicism in that it • deemphasized the authority of scripture • increased the role and power of priests • increased the power of the individual to interpret the scripture • increased the focus on papal authority • removed the power of the priest to marry

17. The Anabaptist movement was most associated with its • rejection of infant baptism • violent overthrow of Catholic parishes around Switzerland • pronounced criticism of Luther’s teachings • support of the right of citizens to bear arms • support of capital punishment

18. At the Diet of Worms in 1521, Luther • agreed to moderate his language to appease Charles V • debated John Eck • pledged his steadfast support of the peasants’ revolts • refused to recant his controversial teachings challenging the Church • called for greater governmental control of the Church

19. All of the following were themes in the Renaissance EXCEPT • artistic realism • increased classicism • naturalism • individualism • atheism

20. All of the following were developments occurring in sixteenth century Europe EXCEPT • the Protestant Revolt • the Counter-Reformation • development of the absolute State • movement away from feudalism towards capitalism • Parliamentary supremacy in England

21. Which of these city-states is said to have been the cultural center of the Renaissance and has been compared to ancient Athens for its burst of creativity over a relatively short time span? • Venice • Milan • Rome • Genoa • Florence

22. The powerful middle class that developed in the independent city-states of Renaissance Italy was involved in all of the following EXCEPT • Making profitable loans to popes and monarchs • Financing commercial ventures • Patronizing the arts • Patronizing the guild system • Controlling the governments of the city-states

23. Which of these concepts was NOT valued by Renaissance humanists? • Humans as the measure of all things • The monastic life • A life of activity • Excellence in all human endeavors • Living up to one’s individual potential

24. Which of the following is NOT considered a long-term cause of the Protestant Reformation? • The declining prestige of the papacy • The corruption of the papacy during the Renaissance • The activities of the Jesuits • The 2nd Babylonian Captivity of the Church • Papal abuses like simony and nepotism

25. According to Luther, the sole source of religious authority is • The pope • Christian tradition • The clergy • The Bible • The church hierarchy

26. Calvin differed from Luther by stressing which theological doctrine • The right of the clergy to marry • The Bible as the ultimate authority for Christian doctrine • The concept of predestination • The effect of “good works” in winning personal salvation • The rejection of all but two of the sacraments

27. Which of the following was NOT a reason for the rapid spread of Lutheranism in the 1520s and 1530s • The rise of dissenting sects • The conversion of the princes of Northern Germany • Charles V’s involvement in foreign wars • The failure of the pope to call a church council • Popular resentment in Germany against Rome

28. Luther’s political conservatism is revealed in which of the following? • His preference for political order over social justice • His willing acceptance of the support of the German princes • His condemnation of the German Peasants’ Revolt • His support of magisterial reform • All of the above

29. Which of the following was NOT a goal of the Catholic and Counter Reformations? • The conversion of the populations of southern Europe • The reform of abuses within the Roman Catholic Church • The confirmation of the Church’s basic dogma • The stemming of the spread of Protestantism • The suppression of heresy

30. Which of the following accurately depicts a doctrine defined by the Council of Trent? • Salvation is attained by “good works” alone. • The ultimate authority for Christian doctrine is the Bible, Church traditions, and the writings of the Church Fathers • Monasticism and clerical celibacy are forbidden • Only Holy Communion and Baptism, of the seven sacraments, are necessary to the attainment of salvation • The Church is subordinate to the state in all but theological matters

31. The Jesuits • Became involved in the education of Catholic children • Served as advisors to Catholic kings • Rooted out heresy through press censorship • Converted “heathens” through missionary work • All of these

32. When Henry IV remarked, “Paris is well worth a Mass,” he was referring to • His prayers for the fall of the city during his siege of it • His expected visit during the Easter season • His conversion to Catholicism to gain popular favor • His conversion to Calvinism to gain support of the Huguenots • His visit with the Pope to gain absolutism

33. Probably the most important step Cardinal Richelieu took to strengthen centralized government and an absolutist monarchy in France was • To involve France in the Thirty Years’ War • To institute the intendant system to oversee the provinces • To levy taxes on the clergy and nobility • To suppress the musketeers • To ban private duels within the realm

34. All of the following accurately describe the reign of Louis XIV EXCEPT • He dominated the French or Gallican Church • He took away the independent authority of the nobility • He filled his government with bourgeois advisors • He bankrupted the national treasury by building the Palace of Versailles • The Golden Age of French culture coincided with his reign

35. During the 16th and 17th centuries, while France developed absolutism, the English monarchy was checked by • A strong peasantry • A few powerful and independent noble families • A Bill of Rights guaranteeing individual freedoms • The Anglican Church • A strong Parliament

36. Which of the following was NOT a provision of the English Bill of Rights? • Only Parliament can levy taxes • The king may maintain a standing army without the consent of Parliament • All laws must be made with the consent of Parliament • The right of trial by jury is guaranteed • Due process of law is guaranteed

37. William and Mary’s ascension to the English throne in 1689 • Restricted the right of Parliament to raise taxes • Nullified the Bill of Rights • Was founded on the divine-right theory • Indicated the supremacy of Parliament • Restored the Tudor dynasty

38. Whose Spirit of the Laws served as the basis for the American Constitution’s “separation of powers”? • Montesquieu • Voltaire • Rousseau • Diderot • Quesnay

39. Choose the correct chronological order:I. Convening of the Estates GeneralII. Issuance of the DOTROMATCIII. Formation of the National AssemblyIV. Taking of the Tennis Court Oath • I, II, III, IV • III, I, II, IV • III, IV, II, I • II, IV, I, III • I, III, IV, II

40. The establishment and growth of St. Petersburg during the early eighteenth century was part of Peter the Great’s attempt to do which of the following? • Strengthen his alliances with the Baltic states • Improve relations with the Orthodox church • Remake Russian institutions to be as effective as those in western Europe • Reduce the high cost of government in the old capital of Moscow • Discourage further Russian expansion eastward into Asia

41. In seventeenth and eighteenth-century Prussia, the Junkers supported the monarchy and served in the army in return for • the right to sell their lands • control of an independent national parliament • toleration of their religious diversity • exemption from all taxes • virtually absolute power over their serfs

42. Which of the following actions by Napoleon aided the cause of German unification? • The elimination of many small states and the political reorganization of territory • The incorporation of Schleswig-Holstein into Prussia • The expulsion of the Turks occupying the European territory where German was spoken • The reversal of the long-standing policy of French support for the Holy Roman Empire • The requirement that all people in conquered lands speak a common language, French

43. The declaration of Notre Dame Cathedral as a Temple of Reason and the renaming of the days and months were measures taken by the Republic of Virtue to • make the common people forget their old way of life • dechristianize the republic • satisfy the demands of the sans-culottes • unite the provinces with the revolutionary forces of the capital • unite both the clerical and secular factions of the republic

44. Which of the following statements is not true? • The Scientific Revolution was a major turning point in Western civilization. • The Scientific Revolution was a precursor to the Enlightenment. • The Scientific Revolution caused Europeans to change their conceptions of humanity. • The Scientific Revolution helped make Western society more secular. • The Scientific Revolution affirmed the Ptolemaic worldview.

45. The Industrial Revolution had its beginnings in • France. • Belgium. • Prussia. • Great Britain. • the United States.

46. Britain’s emergence as the first industrial power was aided by all of the following except • a rapid population growth and a surplus pool of labor. • the agricultural revolution of the eighteenth century. • a ready supply of domestic and colonial markets. • Parliament’s heavy and controlling involvement in private enterprise. • a developed financial system.

47. The Industrial Revolution in Britain was largely inspired by • the urgent need to solve the great poverty in the eighteenth century. • the failure of the cottage industry. • entrepreneurs who sought and accepted the new profitable manufacturing methods. • the industrialization of the Dutch and French. • the economic and technological needs engendered by the French Revolution.

48. The infrastructure advantages in Britain promoting rapid industrialization included all of the following except • canals. • roads. • bridges. • internal customs posts. • railroads.

49. The first step toward the Industrial Revolution in Britain occurred within its • cotton textile industry. • wool textile industry. • iron industry. • railroad industry. • mining industry.

50. Britain’s cotton industry in the late eighteenth century • could not keep up with French textile production. • was inspired by the textile industry found in the United States. • declined due to the lack of technical innovation. • immediately declined with the success of the Industrial Revolution. • was responsible for the creation of the first modern factories.