HUSSEIN S. LIDASAN , Ph.D. Professor School of Urban & Regional Planning

1. “Institutionalizing Transport Impact Assessment (TIA) as a Means for Local Government Units in the Philippines in Support of Improving Air Quality” HUSSEIN S. LIDASAN, Ph.D. Professor School of Urban & Regional Planning University of the Philippines

2. Local Urban Areas and Cities (LGUs) in the Philippines experience rapid urbanization and uncontrolled development Increase Economic Activities Increase vehicle usage and car ownership Worsening Traffic Congestion Deteriorating Air Quality in LGUs

3. POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS: • Efficient and Responsive Development Planning • Careful Planning of Transport Systems • Formulation and Enforcement of Transport and Traffic Management Schemes and Measures • Interaction between Land Use and Transport Systems INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF TRANSPORT IMPACT ASSESSMENT (TIA)

4. WHY TRANSPORT IMPACT ASSESSMENT (TIA)? • Transport Impact Assessment covers all aspects of the transport system, including the environment • The term transport, as applied here, will relate not only traffic BUT also the totality of urban development as associated with land use and transport interaction and the environment • Mitigating measures include traffic, transport and land use schemes aimed at reducing impacts on air quality

5. TRANSPORT IMPACT ASSESSMENT TRAFFIC IMPACT ASSESSMENT

6. The Transport Impact Assessment Process Pre Evaluation Transport Impact Analysis Data Gathering Specifications of the Development Plan Estimate of Traffic & Parking Demand Due to Development • Survey of Existing: • Traffic Condition • Transport • Infrastructures • and Facilities Threshold Exceeded? Yes Forecast of Traffic After Development No • Inventory of: • Approved • Developments • Programmed • Transport • Infrastructures • & Facilities No need for TIA Analysis of Transport & Traffic Conditions Scoping Meeting Identify and Evaluate Mitigating Measures • Determination of TIA • scope • Area • Time frame Public Hearing Finalization of Report Determination of Acceptability • Measures • Implementation Mechanisms

7. WARRANTS FOR A TIA (1) • Space – When the proposed development has a size value with magnitude equal to or exceeding the corresponding size threshold value.

8. WARRANTS FOR A TIA (2) • Reclassification – When a change of land use is intended • Modifications to public roadway – The proposed development would require modifications to off-site public use roadways in the area • High Traffic Impact Area (HTIA) – When the proposed development is located in an HTIA, or areas with existing congestion that are sensitive to changes in traffic

9. 5 STEPS OF A TIA STUDY • Determining if a particular urban development project warrants the conduct of a TIA • The conduct of the traffic impact analysis • Identification of the menu of transportationandtraffic measures, including land use controls to alleviate the traffic impacts of the development project • Development of the institutional mechanism on how the mitigating schemes and measures would be implemented • Preparation of the TIA report

10. PREPARATION OF THE TIA REPORT • Using a standardized format in preparing the TIA report

11. ASSESSMENT STAGE ASSESSMENT PARTICIPANT Project Proponent TIA Preparer TIA Evaluators Pre-evaluation Specifications of the Development Plan Threshold exceeded? Yes No Issue Clearance Scoping and Data Collection Determination of :Time Frame, Coverage Area, Public Issues and Concerns Inventory of: Approved Developments, Programmed Transport Infrastructure and Facilities Improvements Survey of: Existing Traffic Condition and Transport Infrastructures and Facilities Traffic Impact Analysis Estimate Traffic and Parking Demand of Development Forecast of Traffic After Development Analysis of Traffic Condition Identify and Evaluate Mitigating Measures TIA Analysis Adequate? No Finalization of TIA Assessment Yes No Public Hearing Needed? Yes Public Hearing To Determine Acceptability of Mitigation Plan Finalization of TIA Report Project Acceptable? No Issue Clearance Yes Reject

12. MAINSTREAMING TIA IN EXISTING REGULATORY PROCESSES • TIA as a component of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) System • TIA as a requirement for issuing locational clearance/ Development Permit • TIA as a means to define or set traffic density cap in urban areas of Local Government Units (LGUs) • TIA as an institutional tool to improve air quality in LGUs

13. ISSUES ON TIA IMPLEMENTATION • Development projects covered by Locational Clearance/Dev’t. Permit requirement • Normally lacking TIA • Conformity with Use Classification sufficient to warrant issuance of LC/DP • LGU requirement for separate TIA becomes redundant and financial burden to developers • Delay in project construction • Developers may relocate investment in other provinces/municipalities

14. GUIDELINES AND CHECKLISTS FOR REVIEWING TIA REPORT • Development project falls under criteria for TIA • Traffic generation (number of new vehicle trips during peak hours >100) • Parking deficiency (>1parking space) • High traffic impact areas (highly congested and high accident prone) • Zoning applications invoking Deviation Clause (Exception/Variance) • Significantly-sized projects (e.g. greater than 4-storeys, more than 50-bed hospital, etc.) • Public roadway modifications

15. CHECKLIST OF MITIGATION MEASURES • Infrastructure development (improvement in existing transportation facilities, development of new transportation systems, development of new infrastructure facilities) • Land use measures (FAR control, density cap establishment, land use zoning, integration of land use and transportation system, maintain green parks) • Transport Demand Management Schemes • Monitoring measures addressing environmental impacts, notably air quality in local urban areas

16. Institutional Reforms Needed: • Strengthen organizational structure of LGUs to institutionalize the TIA process • Strengthen capacity of LGUs to undertake, evaluate and review TIA reports • Set up standardized TIA process and report preparation for preparers of TIA studies • Need for a TIA • Issuance of an Ordinance • Establishment of an implementation system • Organization (Review and processing) • Systems and Procedures (Review, processing, approval, compliance monitoring, enforcement) • Budget allocation and establishment of a TIA Trust Fund (i.e. Impact Fee) • Incorporate in TIA process analyses of air quality