Biomes

1. Biomes • Chaparral • Desert • Savanna • Taiga • Temperate Deciduous Forests • Temperate Grassland • Tropical Rain Forest • Tundra

2. epiphytes

3. succulents

4. Biotic factors

5. Abiotic factors

6. wetland Areas where land is periodically underwater.

7. plankton Organisms that cannot swim against currents, they are drifters. The majority are microscopic.

8. Nekton • Free swimming organisms, such as fish, turtles, and whales.

9. Benthos • Bottom dwelling organisms, such as mussels, worms, and barnacles. • (Many live attached to hard surfaces)

10. Littoral zone • Nutrient rich zone near the surface of a lake or pond

11. Benthic Zone • The bottom of the pond or lake, which is inhabited by decomposers, insect larvae, and clams.

12. Eutrophication • An increase in the amount of nutrients in an aquatic ecosystem.

14. Factor 1 – Salinity(salinity- the amount of dissolved salts in the water) Fresh Water Ecosystem Marine Ecosystem

15. Factor 2 - Sunlight • Sunlight only reaches a certain distance below surface, so it effects the location of where photosynthetic organisms can live

16. Factors 3 : Oxygen • Non photosynthetic organisms need oxygen to survive, so the amount of oxygen in an ecosystem determines how much life can be supported there.

17. Factor 4: Nutrients • All organisms need nutrients to survive, but too much can be cause eutrophication

18. Factor 5: Temperature • Temperature controls the solubility of oxygen. As temperature increases, oxygen is less soluble. • Also influence the biological activity of aquatic organisms

19. Grouping of aquatic organisms • Plankton Nekton Benthos

20. Ecosystems: Lakes and Ponds How they form: Naturally, where groundwater reaches Earth’s surface Unnaturally – damming or rivers by humans or beavers

22. Life in a lake Life in the littoral zone Life in the benthic zone

23. Littoral zone Benthic Zone Bacteria Decomposers Fish adapted to cooler water Insect larvae clams • Rooted Plants, such as cattails • Further from shore – no rooted plants, instead there are phytoplankton • Fish • Insects • amphibians

24. Eutrophication • Eutrophic lake – a lake that has a large amount of algae and plant growth

25. Eutrophication

26. Fresh Water Wetlands Marshes Swamps Dominated by woody plants (trees and shrubs) -Occur on flat, poorly drained land often near streams Species of trees depends on salinity Birds such as wood ducks Ideal habitat for amphibians (frogs, salamanders, etc) Reptiles (ex. Alligator) -Contain non woody plants (cattails) -Tend to have low, flat lands and little water movement -Benthic zones are nutrient rich and contain plants, decomposers, and scavengers -Wide variety of water birds (ducks, herons, etc) -Migratory birds -Salinity varies(some slightly saline, some as salty as the ocean)

27. Marsh or Swamp?

28. Marsh or Swamp?

29. Marsh or Swamp?

30. Marsh or Swamp?

31. Environmental Functions of wetlands • Absorb and remove pollutants from water that flow through them • Control flooding by absorbing extra water when rivers overflow • Provide spawning grounds and habitat to fish and shellfish we consume • Provide habitat for native and migratory wildlife (many which are rare, threatened, and endangered)

32. Rivers • Many originate from snow melt in mountains. At it’s headwaters river is cold and full of oxygen -As it flows down mountain it becomes warmer, wider, and slower, containing more vegetation and less oxygen As it flows nutrients are added to river from sediment and runoff

33. Life in a river At headwaters Downstream Plants set roots in river’s rich sediment Fish such as catfish and carp • – mosses anchor to rocks • Trout and minnows adapted to cold, oxygen-rich water