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Ecosystem (Chapter 18)

Ecosystem (Chapter 18). 1. Ecosystem. 2. Ecosystem. Primary Production : Production of New Organic Matter by an Ecosystem. 6. 7. 8. Gross Primary Production : Total Biomass Produced by all Autotrophs in an Ecosystem. 9. Measure CO 2 Take.

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Ecosystem (Chapter 18)

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  1. Ecosystem (Chapter 18) 1

  2. Ecosystem 2

  3. Ecosystem

  4. Primary Production: Production of New Organic Matter by an Ecosystem 6 7 8

  5. Gross Primary Production: Total Biomass Produced by all Autotrophs in an Ecosystem 9 Measure CO2 Take

  6. Net Primary Production: Biomass Left Over after Autotrophs have met Respiratory Needs 11

  7. Measuring Net Primary Production 13 14 16 15

  8. Differences in Net Primary Production due to .. Arctic Tundra Rain Forest 4 3

  9. Abiotic Factors that Influence Terrestrial NPP Fig. 19.11 in Cain et al. 2008

  10. A Surrogate for Temperature and Precipitation: Actual Evapotranspiration (AET) mm H20 / yr 17

  11. Terrestrial NPP vs. AET Fig. 18.2 in Molles 2008

  12. Other Abiotic Influences on Terrestrial NPP 18 19

  13. Effect of Fertilizer on Terrestrial NPP (Alpine Tundra) 20 N + P CONTROL P N

  14. Effect of Fertilizer on NPP (Alpine Tundra) Fig. 18.5 in Molles 2008

  15. Abiotic Factors that Influence Aquatic NPP 21 22

  16. Bill’s Observations (Iowa) 24 23

  17. Northwestern Ontario (“Lake 226”) (C + N + P) 25 Control

  18. Lake 226 Experiment: Results Fig. 18.8 in Molles 2008

  19. Effect of Biotic Factors on Biomass Indirect Effects

  20. Effect of Consumers on Biomass (Trophic Cascade) Fig. 18.11 in Molles 2008

  21. Trophic Cascade Hypothesis: Predictions Fig. 18.12 in Molles 2008

  22. Experimental Manipulation: Remove Piscivore, Add Planktivore Fig. 18.13 in Molles 2008

  23. Experimental Manipulation: Add Piscivore Fig. 18.13 in Molles 2008

  24. Effect of Consumer on Biomass: Terrestrial Effect of Grazing on Grass Biomass 26

  25. Experiment: Exclosures Fig. 18.14 in Molles 2008

  26. Experiment: Results (Compensatory Effect) Fig. 18.14 in Molles 2008

  27. Trophic Cascade? 27 28

  28. Bottom-Up versus Top-Down Controls 27

  29. Raymond Lindeman – Trophic Dynamics

  30. 1 http://www.saludareedy.org/archiveImgGeneral/eventForum3ReedyAtConeste.jpg 2 http://www.northtreefire.com/projects/PF00106/underburn_600x450.jpg 3 http://mrsway.com/images/rainforest-2.jpg 4 http://media-2.web.britannica.com/eb-media/04/96204-004-D210696E.jpg 5 http://www.fabiovisentin.com/photography/photo/4/sun-flower_3314.jpg http://www.learn.co.za/LegacyLessons/04/g12/bio/ang/pho/images/energy.gif 6 http://www.parkswholesaleplants.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/01/sunflower- seedlings.jpg 7 http://farm2.static.flickr.com/1162/565239510_721e88f6c5.jpg?v=0 8 http://www.lifeinitaly.com/img/sunflowers.jpg 9 http://grapevine.net.au/~grunwald/une/KLAs/science/irrigation-photosynthesis.gif 10 http://www.learn.co.za/LegacyLessons/04/g12/bio/ang/pho/images/energy.gif

  31. 11 http://www.learn.co.za/LegacyLessons/04/g12/bio/ang/pho/images/ energy.gif 12 http://kenai.fws.gov/overview/notebook/images/CO2_wetlands_infrared_gas_ analyzer.jpg 13 http://rcrec-ona.ifas.ufl.edu/images/in020108msp2.jpg 14 http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3194/2605222285_2e90b1ba2f.jpg?v=0 15 http://www.canebrakeforestry.com/images/dbh2.jpg 16 http://www.fore.canterbury.ac.nz/euan/inventory/dbhMeas.jpg 17 http://wpcontent.answers.com/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/ 80/Surface_water_cycle.svg/260px-Surface_water_cycle.svg.png 18 http://www.ers.usda.gov/amberwaves/february04/findings/images/ USIncreasingly0116.jpg 19 http://www.holidaymoto.com/content/_common/images/hungary/austria-alpine- meadow-chalet-flowers-snow-capped-mountains-trees-ajhd.jpg 20 http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2069/2468123811_5c37b1a7dd.jpg

  32. 21 http://www.scubascotty.com/images/Underwater/PB100183_Kelp_Forest_sm.jpg 22 http://www.fishe.net/images/lakes/eastsussex/tanyards/tanyards_lake6_ enlarged.jpg 23 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/95/Runoff_of_soil_ &_fertilizer.jpg 24 http://www.unep.or.jp/ietc/Publications/Short_Series/LakeReservoirs-3/IMG/ photo_22.gif 25 http://www.ew.govt.nz/PageFiles/5287/landuseeffects1.gif 26 http://farm1.static.flickr.com/81/240902336_ec99c1c7ac.jpg?v=0 27 http://www.olsvik.info/Images4/Wildebeast.jpg 28 http://facesoftanzania.com/images/2004/Lion_Mother_and_cubs_in_Grass_Serengeti _Tanzania_Africa.jpg 29 http://home.comcast.net/~ndlott/wsb/media/276896/site1056.jpg

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