Groupthink

1. Groupthink https://store.theartofservice.com/the-groupthink-toolkit.html

2. Diversity (business) Classification of workplaces • The multicultural organization not only contains many different cultural groups, but it values this diversity. It encourages healthy conflict as a source of avoiding groupthink. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-groupthink-toolkit.html

3. Diversity (business) Benefits • From this perspective, these unique and varying standpoints help to eradicate groupthink which can develop within a homogenous group https://store.theartofservice.com/the-groupthink-toolkit.html

4. Bandwagon effect • The bandwagon effect is a well documented form of groupthink in behavioral science and has many applications.[which?] The general rule is that conduct or beliefs spread among people, as fads and trends clearly do, with "the probability of any individual adopting it increasing with the proportion who have already done so". As more people come to believe in something, others also "hop on the bandwagon" regardless of the underlying evidence. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-groupthink-toolkit.html

5. Group decision making • There is much debate as to whether this difference results in decisions that are better or worse. According to the idea of synergy, decisions made collectively tend to be more effective than decisions made by a single individual. However, there are also examples where the decisions made by a group are flawed, such as the Bay of Pigs Invasion, the incident on which the Groupthink model of group decision making is based. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-groupthink-toolkit.html

6. Group decision making - Group Decision Making in Psychology • The social identity approach suggests a more general approach to group decision making than the popular Groupthink model which is a narrow look at situations where group decision making is flawed https://store.theartofservice.com/the-groupthink-toolkit.html

7. Group cohesiveness - Cohesion and Conformity Pressures • The theory of groupthink suggests that the pressures hinder the group from critically thinking about the decisions it is making https://store.theartofservice.com/the-groupthink-toolkit.html

8. Scientific method • The peer review process can have limitations when considering research outside the conventional scientific paradigm: problems of "groupthink" can interfere with open and fair deliberation of some new research. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-groupthink-toolkit.html

9. Social psychology - Group dynamics • Janis offered the 1961 Bay of Pigs Invasion as a historical case of groupthink. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-groupthink-toolkit.html

10. Nineteen Eighty-Four - Cultural impact • Doublespeak and groupthink are both deliberate elaborations of doublethink, while the adjective "Orwellian" denotes "characteristic and reminiscent of George Orwell's writings" especially Nineteen Eighty-Four https://store.theartofservice.com/the-groupthink-toolkit.html

11. Diffusion of responsibility - Conditions • In a group of people who, through action or inaction, allow events to occur which they would never allow if they were alone. This is referred to as groupthink and groupshift. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-groupthink-toolkit.html

12. Pseudoscience - Personalization of issues • Tight social groups and authoritarian personality, suppression of dissent, and groupthink can enhance the adoption of beliefs that have no rational basis. In attempting to confirm their beliefs, the group tends to identify their critics as enemies. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-groupthink-toolkit.html

13. Political psychology - Decision-making in groups • Janis (1972) introduced the notion of Groupthink that advocates an increased chance of groups making faulty decisions under several conditions; strong group cohesion, isolation of group decision from public review, the presence of a directive leader in the group, and high stress levels https://store.theartofservice.com/the-groupthink-toolkit.html

14. Index of psychology articles - G • Ganser syndrome - Gaze - Gender identity - Gender identity disorder - Gender narcissism - Gender role - General adaptation syndrome - General intelligence factor - Generalized anxiety disorder - Genetic predisposition - Genie (feral child) - Genital stage - Genophobia - Geon (psychology) - Germaphobia - Geschwind–Galaburda hypothesis - Gestalt psychology - Gestalt theoretical psychotherapy - Gestalt therapy - Global aphasia - Glossophobia - Gnosology - God helmet - Grand mal epilepsy - Grandiose delusions - Grandiosity - Gratification - Gratitude - Graz School - Greed - Gregariousness - Grief - Grounding (punishment) - Group attribution error - Group Dynamics (Myers-Briggs) - Group dynamics - Group intelligence - Group polarization - Group psychological abuse - Group psychotherapy - Group-serving bias - Group synergy - Groupthink - Guilt - Guilty but mentally ill - Gustation - Gymnophobia - Gyrus https://store.theartofservice.com/the-groupthink-toolkit.html

15. Social influence - Status • Additionally, pressure to maintain one's reputation and not be viewed as fringe may increase the tendency to agree with the group, known as groupthink https://store.theartofservice.com/the-groupthink-toolkit.html

16. Anti-pattern - Project management • Groupthink: During groupthink, members of the group avoid promoting viewpoints outside the comfort zone of consensus thinking https://store.theartofservice.com/the-groupthink-toolkit.html

17. Digg - Mob mentality • This error has been attributed to the wisdom of the crowd, where the collective opinion of individuals is given greater weight than a single expert. Another explanation is groupthink, which differs by requiring independence among its nodes. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-groupthink-toolkit.html

18. Group think • 'Groupthink' is a psychological phenomenon that occurs within a group of people, in which the desire for harmony or conformity in the group results in an incorrect or deviant decision-making outcome. Group members try to minimize conflict and reach a consensus decision without critical evaluation of alternative ideas or viewpoints, and by isolating themselves from outside influences. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-groupthink-toolkit.html

19. Group think • Antecedent factors such as group cohesiveness, faulty group structure, and situational context (e.g., community panic) play into the likelihood of whether or not groupthink will impact the decision-making process. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-groupthink-toolkit.html

20. Group think • Groupthink is a construct of social psychology, but has an extensive reach and influences literature in the fields of communication studies, political science, management, and organizational theory, as well as important aspects of deviant religious cult behaviour. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-groupthink-toolkit.html

21. Group think • Most of the initial research on groupthink was conducted by Irving Janis, a research psychologist from Yale University. Janis published an influential book in 1972, which was revised in 1982. Group think#Recent developments|Later studies have evaluated and reformulated his groupthink model. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-groupthink-toolkit.html

22. Group think - History • Irving Janis pioneered the initial research on the groupthink theory. He does not cite Whyte, but coined the term by analogy with doublethink and similar terms that were part of the newspeak vocabulary in George Orwell's novel 1984. In his first writing on groupthink in 1971, he defined the term as follows: https://store.theartofservice.com/the-groupthink-toolkit.html

23. Group think - History • He concluded that in each of these cases, the decisions occurred largely because of groupthink, which prevented contradictory views from being expressed and subsequently evaluated. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-groupthink-toolkit.html

24. Group think - History • After the publication of Janis' book Victims of Groupthink in 1972, and a revised edition with the title Groupthink: Psychological Studies of Policy Decisions and Fiascoes in 1982, https://store.theartofservice.com/the-groupthink-toolkit.html

25. Group think - History • One can most likely explain this lack of follow-up in that group research is difficult to conduct, groupthink has many independent and dependent variables, and it is unclear how to translate [groupthink's] theoretical concepts into observable and measurable constructs. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-groupthink-toolkit.html

26. Group think - History • Nevertheless, outside research psychology and sociology, wider culture has come to detect groupthink (somewhat fuzzily defined) in observable situations, for example: https://store.theartofservice.com/the-groupthink-toolkit.html

27. Group think - History • * [...] critics of Twitter point to the predominance of the hive mind in such social media, the kind of groupthink that submerges independent thinking in favor of conformity to the group, the collective https://store.theartofservice.com/the-groupthink-toolkit.html

28. Group think - History • This is seen in the phenomenon of 'groupthink', alleged to have occurred, notoriously, during the Bay of Pigs fiasco. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-groupthink-toolkit.html

29. Group think - History • * Groupthink by Compulsion [...] [G]roupthink at least implies voluntarism. When this fails, the organization is not above outright intimidation. [...] In [a nationwide telecommunications company], refusal by the new hires to cheer on command incurred consequences not unlike the indoctrination and brainwashing techniques associated with a Soviet-era gulag. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-groupthink-toolkit.html

30. Group think - Symptoms • To make groupthink testable, Irving Janis devised eight symptoms indicative of groupthink. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-groupthink-toolkit.html

31. Group think - Symptoms • That is, consensus-driven decisions are the result of the following practices of groupthinkingKamau, C https://store.theartofservice.com/the-groupthink-toolkit.html

32. Group think - Causes • Janis prescribed three antecedent conditions to groupthink. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-groupthink-toolkit.html

33. Group think - Causes • This means that high cohesion will lead to groupthink only if one or both of the other antecedents is present, situational context being slightly more likely than structural faults to produce groupthink. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-groupthink-toolkit.html

34. Group think - Prevention • As observed by Aldag Fuller (1993), the groupthink phenomenon seems to consistently uphold the following principles: https://store.theartofservice.com/the-groupthink-toolkit.html

35. Group think - Prevention • #Groupthink prevents these benefits due to structural faults and provocative situational context https://store.theartofservice.com/the-groupthink-toolkit.html

36. Group think - Prevention • It is, therefore, considered by many to be important to combat the effects of groupthink. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-groupthink-toolkit.html

37. Group think - Prevention • According to Janis, decision making groups are not necessarily destined to groupthink. He devised ways of preventing groupthink: https://store.theartofservice.com/the-groupthink-toolkit.html

38. Group think - Prevention • Kennedy sought to avoid groupthink during the Cuban Missile Crisis using vigilant appraisal https://store.theartofservice.com/the-groupthink-toolkit.html

39. Group think - Empirical findings and meta-analysis • It has been incredibly difficult to test groupthink in the laboratory because it removes groups from real social situations, which changes the variables conducive or inhibitive to groupthink. Because of its subjectivity, researchers have struggled to measure groupthink as a complete phenomenon. Instead, they often opt to measure particular factors of the groupthink phenomenon. These factors range from causal to effectual and focus on group and situational aspects. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-groupthink-toolkit.html

40. Group think - Empirical findings and meta-analysis • These findings refute Janis' claim about group cohesiveness predicting groupthink. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-groupthink-toolkit.html

41. Group think - Empirical findings and meta-analysis • Group homogeneity and group insulation are generally supported as factors predictive of groupthink. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-groupthink-toolkit.html

42. Group think - Politics and military • Political case studies of groupthink serve to illustrate the impact that the occurrence of groupthink can have in today's political scene. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-groupthink-toolkit.html

43. Group think - Bay of Pigs invasion and the Cuban Missile Crisis • The United States Bay of Pigs Invasion of April 1961 was the primary case study that Janis used to formulate his theory of groupthink https://store.theartofservice.com/the-groupthink-toolkit.html

44. Group think - Bay of Pigs invasion and the Cuban Missile Crisis • Janis claimed the fiasco that ensued could have been prevented if the Kennedy administration had followed the methods to preventing groupthink adopted during the Cuban Missile Crisis of October 1962. In the latter crisis, essentially the same political leaders were involved in decision-making, but this time they learned from their previous mistake of seriously under-rating their opponents. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-groupthink-toolkit.html

45. Group think - Pearl Harbor • The attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941 is a prime example of groupthink https://store.theartofservice.com/the-groupthink-toolkit.html

46. Group think - Swissair's collapse • This phenomenon is called group homogeneity, which is an antecedent to groupthink https://store.theartofservice.com/the-groupthink-toolkit.html

47. Group think - Marks Spencer and British Airways • Management Communication: The threat of Groupthink https://store.theartofservice.com/the-groupthink-toolkit.html

48. Group think - Sports • Koerber and Neck suggest that three groupthink symptoms can be found in the decision-making process of the MLUA https://store.theartofservice.com/the-groupthink-toolkit.html

49. Group think - Ubiquity model • This model provides a revised set of antecedents for groupthink, including Social identity|social identification, salient Norm (sociology)|norms, and low self-efficacy. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-groupthink-toolkit.html

50. Group think - General group problem-solving (GGPS) model • The primary difference between the GGPS model and groupthink is that the former is more value neutral and political oriented. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-groupthink-toolkit.html