Light Pollution

1. Light Pollution

2. IDA in Partnership with NOAO, NSF and IYA Dark Skies Awareness • http://www.popsci.com/technology/article/2012-08/pop-review-first-liquid-cooled-led-bulb-will-light-your-house-edison

3. Sky Glow Waste of that light IDA in Partnership with NOAO, NSF and IYA Dark Skies Awareness

4. Sky Glow • Nocturnal animals disrupted by the abnormal night lighting • Sea turtles IDA in Partnership with NOAO, NSF and IYA Dark Skies Awareness

5. Sky Glow • Some studies suggest human health is negatively affected • Disrupted circadian rhythms IDA in Partnership with NOAO, NSF and IYA Dark Skies Awareness

6. Negative Impact on Wildlife Animals and plants live by a rhythm based on a 24 hour cycle Interferes with migration, mating, foraging for food, and sleep IDA in Partnership with NOAO, NSF and IYA Dark Skies Awareness

7. Sky Glow • Loss of starry skies  

8. Spillover • Light falling where not intended or needed • Light trespass IDA in Partnership with NOAO, NSF and IYA Dark Skies Awareness

9. Glare High levels of glare can decrease visibility IDA in Partnership with NOAO, NSF and IYA Dark Skies Awareness

10. Security concern Glare IDA in Partnership with NOAO, NSF and IYA Dark Skies Awareness

11. IDA in Partnership with NOAO, NSF and IYA Dark Skies Awareness Inefficiency • Cost of useless light

12. Lighting VOLT: the force that moves electricity • Like water pressure • 240 volts for heavy appliances

13. Lighting 120 volts for house voltage

14. Lighting 12 volts is low voltage and safe

15. Lighting CURRENT or AMPERAGE: the flow of electricity • Like water flow

16. Lighting • Watts are a measure of POWER • Volts x Current = Watts

17. Lighting • Lumen is a measure of light • As perceived by the human eye

18. Cost of Lighting • 12v, 10w halogen: 200 lumens • 12v, 1w LED: 50 lumens

19. IDA in Partnership with NOAO, NSF and IYA Dark Skies Awareness Types of Lamps • Incandescent • Fluorescent • Light Emitting Diode (LED)

20. IDA in Partnership with NOAO, NSF and IYA Dark Skies Awareness Incandescent • Heat a tiny coil of tungsten metal inside a glass bulb to produce light • 90% heat • 10% light • Short lives

21. IDA in Partnership with NOAO, NSF and IYA Dark Skies Awareness Fluorescent • Electric current conducted through tube of mercury and argon gases • No filament • 3x to 4x more efficient than incandescent • 10x longer life

22. Fluorescent • Electrodes generate moving electrons • Require energy boost from ballast, or starter, to initially move arc across tube

23. Fluorescent • The moving electrons collide with mercury atoms in the tubes to make ultraviolet light • Require appropriate disposal • http://www.epa.gov/cfl/cflcleanup.html

24. IDA in Partnership with NOAO, NSF and IYA Dark Skies Awareness

25. Fluorescent • The white phosphor coating of the tubes converts the ultraviolet light into visible light

26. LED Light emitting diodes • Don't have a filament • No burnout • Don't get hot IDA in Partnership with NOAO, NSF and IYA Dark Skies Awareness

27. LED Light emitting diodes Illuminated by movement of electrons in semiconductor material IDA in Partnership with NOAO, NSF and IYA Dark Skies Awareness

28. LED Drivers regulate power to bulb Often built into the fixture (like fluorescent ballasts) IDA in Partnership with NOAO, NSF and IYA Dark Skies Awareness

29. IDA in Partnership with NOAO, NSF and IYA Dark Skies Awareness Efficiency Comparison • Incandescent: 10 lumens / watt • Fluorescent: 40 lumens / watt • LED: 90 lumens / watt • Energy efficient

30. IDA in Partnership with NOAO, NSF and IYA Dark Skies Awareness Light Pollution Solutions • Minimize interim light use with timers and motion detectors

31. IDA in Partnership with NOAO, NSF and IYA Dark Skies Awareness Light Pollution Solutions • Shine lights down, not up

32. Light Pollution Solutions • Fixtures that are fully shielded • IDA Fixture Seal of Approval program IDA in Partnership with NOAO, NSF and IYA Dark Skies Awareness

33. Lamps IDA in Partnership with NOAO, NSF and IYA Dark Skies Awareness

34. Shielded Luminaires IDA in Partnership with NOAO, NSF and IYA Dark Skies Awareness

36. How shielded lighting reduces glare • The image below is a test site for fully shielded street lights. To the right; the same lights shown in comparison to the un-shielded existing lights. IDA in Partnership with NOAO, NSF and IYA Dark Skies Awareness

37. Following six slides show shielded and unshielded outdoor lighting examples IDA in Partnership with NOAO, NSF and IYA Dark Skies Awareness

38. Recessed lighting done badly, andRecessed lighting done well. IDA in Partnership with NOAO, NSF and IYA Dark Skies Awareness

39. Fully shielded lighting at an airport IDA in Partnership with NOAO, NSF and IYA Dark Skies Awareness

40. International Dark Sky Initiative Lighting that is exempt from these regulations: • Lighting in swimming pools and other water features governed by Article 680 of the National Electrical Code. • Exit signs and other illumination required by building codes. • Lighting for stairs and ramps, as required by the building code. • Signs are regulated by the sign code, but all sign lighting is recommended to be fully shielded. • Holiday and temporary lighting (less than thirty days use in any one year). • Football, baseball, and softball field lighting; only with permit from the authority recognizing that steps have been taken to minimize glare and light trespass, and utilize sensible curfews. • Low voltage landscape lighting, but such lighting should be shielded in such a way as to eliminate glare and light trespass

47. IDA in Partnership with NOAO, NSF and IYA Dark Skies Awareness

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