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Evolution and Diversity of Reptiles: A Fascinating Journey Through Time

Reptiles, the first amniotes, with diverse characteristics including dry scales, amniotic eggs, and a three-chambered heart, evolved over millions of years into turtles, sphenodonts, snakes, lizards, and crocodilians. They have two reproductive strategies - oviparous and viviparous. The ancient reptile diversity shaped the evolution of modern reptiles, birds, and mammals.

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Evolution and Diversity of Reptiles: A Fascinating Journey Through Time

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  1. KEY CONCEPT Reptiles were the first amniotes.

  2. Reptiles are a diverse group of amniotes. • Reptiles share several characteristics. • ectotherms • covered with dry scales • reproduce by laying or retaining amniotic eggs • three-chambered heart • cloaca

  3. Reptiles have two reproductive strategies. • Oviparous reptiles deposit eggs into an external nest. • Viviparous reptiles retain eggs and give birth to live offspring.

  4. Reptiles have been evolving for millions of years. • Over time, amniotes evolved into three different groups. • synapsids • anapsids • diapsids

  5. The diversity of ancient reptiles led to the evolution of modern reptiles, birds, and mammals.

  6. There are four modern groups of reptiles. • Turtles, tortoises, and terrapins are the remaining anapsids. • bony shell encases body • 200 species

  7. Sphenodonts are closely related to lizards. • diapsids • primitive characteristics • two species • Tuatara • Sphenodon punctatus, S. guntheri

  8. brain Jacobson’s organ tongue • Snakes and lizards are very closely related and share a number of features. • diapsids • shed skin at regular intervals • flexible skull • Jacobson’s organ

  9. Crocodilians are more closely related to birds than other diapsids. • diapsids • semi-aquatic predators • 23 species

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