Presentation Transcript

1. Low carbon development, poverty reduction and innovation system buildingRob Byrne and David OckwellSussex Energy Group, STEPS Centre and Tyndall Centre for Climate Change ResearchUniversity of Sussex, BrightonR.P.Byrne@sussex.ac.ukLearning, Innovation and Low Carbon DevelopmentGlobelics seminarAalborg University, Copenhagen4-5 April 2013
2. Overview International low carbon development policy Technology transfer and innovation Socio-technical transitions and pathways Low carbon innovation system building Conclusions and speculations
3. Accumulated investment through the CDM in USD billion by selected countries and regions as at end of October 2012 (http://www.cdmpipeline.org) Key Country, USD billion, percentage ROW: Rest of the World Source: Authors, based on analysis of the CDM pipeline
4. Number of registered CDM projects as at end of October 2012, by project type (4908 total registered projects) (http://www.cdmpipeline.org) 87% registered CDM projects use just six types of technology Only one new renewable energy technology – wind – although mature relative to other new renewables Solar only 2% of portfolio Source: Authors, based on analysis of the CDM pipeline
5. Technology Transfer Skills & know-how for operation & maintenance Accumulation of technological capacity Knowledge & expertise behind technology Technology transfer and innovationWatson et al (2011: 16) based on Bell (1990) National Innovation System Capital goods, services & designs Indigenous support for technological capabilities New production capacity
6. Socio-technical transitionsMulti-level framework or perspective (MLP) Source: Geels (2002: 1261)
7. Socio-technical transitionsRegime alignments Source: Geels (2004: 912)
8. Sources of images in reference list at end
9. Socio-technical expectations and learning Expectation 1 ‘First-order’ learning ‘Second-order’ learning ‘Starting’ point ‘First-order’ learning Expectation 2 Sources of images in reference list at end
10. Physical Properties Exploited Scientific Knowledge Material Technology Production Process Technologies Engineering Skills Engineering Practices Technological and Economic Trade-Offs Engineering Procedures Engineering Heuristics Product Aesthetics Product Characteristics Product Functionality User Preferences User Practices User Needs Socio-Technical Trajectory User Requirements Regulations Institutions Government Policy Supply Maintenance Training Infrastructures Finance Repair Retail Socio-technical paradigm and trajectory (based on Byrne 2011: 210) Socio-Technical Paradigm
11. Socio-technical transitionsNiche building Source: Berkhout et al. (2010: 264) Socio-technical niche development and trajectory carried by local projects
12. Conclusions and speculations Innovation system builders Connecting, coordinating, learning, political work… Public and private sector roles Public sector can bear risks of learning, private sector replicates… Market development to industrialisation Local innovation capabilities help poverty reduction needs?
13. References Bell, M. (1990) Continuing Industrialisation, Climate Change and International Technology Transfer, Report prepared in Collaboration with the Resource Policy Group, Oslo and Science Policy Research Unit, University of Sussex, Brighton, December Berkhout, F., G. Verbong, A. Wieczorek, R. Raven, L. Lebel and X. Bai (2010) “Sustainability experiments in Asia: innovations shaping alternative development pathways?”, Environmental Science & Policy 13(2010): 261-271 Byrne, R. (2011) Learning drivers: rural electrification regime building in Kenya and Tanzania, DPhil thesis, University of Sussex, Brighton Geels, F. (2002) “Technological transitions as evolutionary reconfiguration processes: a multi-level perspective and a case-study”, Research Policy 31(2002): 1257–1274 Geels, F. (2004) “From sectoral systems of innovation to socio-technical systems: Insights about dynamics and change from sociology and institutional theory”, Research Policy 33(2004): 897-920 Watson, J., R. Byrne, A. Mallett, M. Stua, D. Ockwell, Z. Xiliang, Z. Da, Z. Tianhou, Z. Xiaofeng and O. Xunmin (2011) UK-China Collaborative Study on Low Carbon Technology Transfer, Final report for UK Department of Energy and Climate Change, SPRU, University of Sussex, Brighton and Laboratory for Low Carbon Energy, Tsinghua University, Beijing, April
14. References Images on slides 8 and 9 Africa-charity-solar-panels: http://www.charcoalproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/12/Africa-charity-solar-panels_21.jpg Batteries: http://www.cekl.com/images/stories/products/battteries.jpg Biofuel: http://www.reoc.info/files/biofuel4.jpg Crowd (21/10/12) http://i.telegraph.co.uk/multimedia/archive/01688/crowd_1688541c.jpg Hydro in china: http://www.energy-green.net/blog/upload/hydropower-in-China.jpg Lantern: http://practicalaction.org/glowstar/images/lantern_off.jpg Maasai Pastoralist: http://ih2.redbubble.net/image.10084503.7370/flat,550x550,075,f.jpg Maasai: http://ccafs.cgiar.org/sites/default/files/maasai.jpg?1350579523 Peru microhydro: http://practicalaction.org/video/images/previews/peru-microhydro-initial.jpg SESA MassaiUday: http://www.newscenter.philips.com/pwc_nc/main/shared/assets/newscenter/2008_pressreleases/SESA_Massai_Uday.jpg Sizewell b: http://static.guim.co.uk/sys-images/Guardian/Pix/pictures/2009/11/22/1258907566883/Sizewell-B-nuclear-power--001.jpg Small wind turbine: http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/media/image/j/o/small_wind_turbine.jpg Solar home light: http://pimg.tradeindia.com/00710412/b/1/Solar-Home-Light-Luminary-CFL-.jpg Solar modules various: http://linuosolar.win.mofcom.gov.cn/www/36/linuosolar/img/20071116112919.jpg Solar power plant: http://static.guim.co.uk/sys-images/Guardian/About/General/2011/5/9/1304935605405/A-solar-power-plant-in-th-007.jpg Wavepower: http://www.pelamiswave.com/upload/image/i_heart_wave_power_badge_-_copy.jpg Windpower: http://news.thomasnet.com/green_clean/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/EarthTalkWindPowerNIMBY-700221.jpg
15. Thank you http://www.sussex.ac.uk/sussexenergygroup http://www.steps-centre.org http://www.tyndall.ac.uk/