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Understanding special education in Indian context

Special education in Indian context transitioned from social taboos about people with special needs to special education to integrated education to inclusive education efforts.

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Understanding special education in Indian context

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  1. Understandingspecial education IN INDIAN CONTEXT ~LalitKishore, Disha

  2. Special education • Special education is the practice of educating children to addresses their individual differences and specific diagnosed needs. • Two main purposes • Achieving personal self-sufficiency or independence in daily life activities • Acquiring basic literacy and numeracy skills in school • Making use of acquired skills and knowledge to find wherewithal or further education

  3. Features • Accessible settings • Diagnosis and needs assessment • Individually planned micro learning interventions • Adapted equipment and instructional materials • Systematically monitored arrangement of teaching procedures with prognosis, scaffolding and remediation

  4. Special education includes addressing... • Learning disabilities • Communication disorders • Emotional and behavioral disorders • Physical disabilities • Developmental disabilities (autism spectrum disorders and intellectual disability) • Other neurological disabilities and their combinations

  5. Types of Disabilities – RPwDsAct 2016 in India(RPwDs: Rights of People with Disabilities) Types of Disabilities=21 • Blindness • Low-vision • Leprosy Cured persons • Hearing Impairment (deaf and hard of hearing) • Locomotor Disability • Dwarfism • Intellectual Disability • Mental Illness • Autism Spectrum Disorder • Cerebral Palsy • Muscular Dystrophy • Chronic Neurological conditions • Specific Learning Disabilities • Multiple Sclerosis • Speech and Language disability • Thalassemia • Hemophilia • Sickle Cell disease • Multiple Disabilities including deafblindness • Acid Attack victim • Parkinson's disease

  6. RPwDsAct 2016 envisages to... • Enhance • Rights • Entitlements • Provide effective mechanism for ensuring their • Education • Empowerment • True inclusion into the society in a satisfactory manner

  7. Intellectual disability • Various forms of brain damage • Developmental disorders • Visual impairments induced • Hearing impairments induced • Multiple disabilities

  8. Accommodating special children • Additional educational services • Different approaches to teaching or differentiated instruction • Use of technology when essentially needed • A specifically adapted teaching area • Resource room / corner

  9. Two primary needs identifying methods • Discrepancy model • Teacher Noticing That The Students' Achievements Are Much Below What Is Expected Of The Age Group • Decision For The Student To Receive Support From A Special Education Specialist / Team / Therapists • Intervention model • Diagnosis • Early intervention designing • Testing intervention • Remediation

  10. Making special education work • The child is assessed to determine their specific strengths and weaknesses / needs or early detection • Affecting accommodations as per assessment so that the special child gets the most out of education • Determining curriculum, creating resources, interventions on the basis of the assessed needs • Transacting intervention with remediation with micro-planning and corrective reviews as follow up

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