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ECE 398RES RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEMS presentation by

ECE 398RES RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEMS presentation by. Pat Chapman and George Gross Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign at the PAP 2006 Annual Meeting. OUTLINE. The scope of the course

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ECE 398RES RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEMS presentation by

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  1. ECE 398RES RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEMS presentation by Pat Chapman and George Gross Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign at the PAP 2006 Annual Meeting

  2. OUTLINE • The scope of the course • The course within the current energy/ environment context • The role of renewable sources • Course objectives and perspectives • Topical outline • The first class

  3. RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEMS • We focus on the technical, economic and environmental aspects of renewable and alternative energy systems to obtain an understanding of their role in meeting society’s electricity needs • We analyze the full range of renewable energy supplies • The course provides a basis for understanding the distinctive scientific principles of renewable

  4. RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEMS energy and the ability to provide an assessment of the economics and environmental impacts of renewable energy • The course covers the basics of energy produc-tion from renewable sources, the relevant thermodynamics background, the structure and nature of the electric transmission grid, the integration of renewable resources into the grid, environmental aspects and the regulatory environment for electricity

  5. INCREASE IN WORLD ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION developing countries transition economies OECD 7000 6000 5000 4000 Mton oil equivalent* 3000 2000 1000 0 consumption production consumption production 1971 – 2000 2000 – 2030 * 1 tonne of oil equivalent (toe) = 42 GJ (net calorific value) = 10034 Mcal Source: IEA 2002

  6. PREDOMINANCE OF OIL AND GAS http://www.exxonmobil.com/corporate/Newsroom/Publications/eTrendsSite/chapter1.asp

  7. OUT OF GAS

  8. PRICE OF OIL

  9. MAJOR CHALLENGES IN ENERGY • Energy security: fuel supply resources for the future • Economic growth: accommodation of the developing nations’ needs • Environmental effects: global warming and emission control • Electricity system reliability: assurance of integrity of electric power infrastructure

  10. SUSTAINABILITY • Sustainable development refers to living, product-ion and consumption in a manner and at a level that meets the needs of the present without unduly impact on the ability of future generations to meet their own needs • The World Commission on Environment and Development set up by the UN issued a seminal report in 1987; the report established the concept of sustainable development • The major thrust of the report was to explicitly recognize the scale and unevenness of economic

  11. SUSTAINABILITY development and population growth continue to place unprecedented pressures on the planet’s land, water and other natural resources and without constraints are severe enough to wipe out regional populations and, over the long term, to lead to global catastrophes • Sustainability is a key guiding principle of policy of many nations • The applicability at international, national, state and local levels varies widely

  12. ROLE OF RENEWABLES IS OF GROWING IMPORTANCE

  13. RENEWABLES’ ROLE IN THE 2004 U.S. ENERGY SUPPLY

  14. 2005 RENEWABLE PORTFOLIO STANDARDS AND STATE MANDATES

  15. 2005 WIND ENERGY STATUS Maine 0.1 Washington 240 Vermont 6 Wisconsin 53 North Dakota 66 Montana 2 Minnesota 615 Oregon 263 Michigan 2 New Hampshire 0.1 South Dakota 44 Idaho 0.2 Massachusetts 1 Wyoming 285 New York 48 Iowa 632 Nebraska 14 Ohio 7 Utah 0.2 Illinois 81 Pennsylvania 129 Colorado 229 Kansas 114 West Virginia 66 California 2,096 Tennessee 29 Oklahoma 176 Arkansas 0.1 New Mexico 267 Texas 1,293 Alaska 1 Hawaii 9 total U.S. capacity installed: 6740MW Source: American Wind Energy Association, Outlook 2005

  16. 2003 – 05 GLOBAL WIND CAPACITY 70000 60000 11,769 50000 8,207 40000 MW 30000 20000 10000 0 2003 2004 2005 Source: Global Wind Energy Council

  17. GLOBAL INSTALLED WIND POWER CAPACITY ( MW ) – REGIONAL DISTRIBUTION Africa & The Middle East Asia Europe Latin America & Caribbean North America Pacific Region Source: Wind Energy Fact Sheet, American Wind Energy Association, www.awaea.org

  18. 2005 INSTALLED WIND CAPACITY Asia 7,135 MW 12% Australia 708 MW 1% Americas and Africa 10,979 MW 19% Europe 40,500 MW 68% total wind 59,322 MW Source: Global Wind Energy Council

  19. 2005 INSTALLED WIND CAPACITY 18,428 MW Germany 10,027 MW Spain 9,149 MW USA 4,430 MW India 3,122 MW Denmark 1,260 MW China 708 MW Australia MW 10,000 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 12,000 14,000 16,000 18,000 20,000 0 Source: Global Wind Energy Council

  20. THE TOP 20 STATES FOR WIND ENERGY POTENTIAL 10,000 1,000 100 annual energy potential ( billions of kWhs ) 10 1 0.1 ND TX KS SD MT NE WY OK MN IA CO NM ID MI NY IL CA WI ME MO States Source: Wind Energy Fact Sheet, American Wind Energy Association, www.awaea.org

  21. DOE WIND PROGRAM GOALS • 3 ¢/kWhin classes 4 and above onshore wind areas • 5 ¢/kWh for off-shore regions

  22. WIND SYSTEM CAPITAL COSTS 1600 150 kW 225 kW 1400 300 kW 1200 500 kW 600 kW 1000 capital costs( $/kW) 1650 kW 800 600 400 200 0 1989 1991 1993 1995 1996 2000 capital costs include turbine, tower, grid connection, site preparation controls and land

  23. SOLAR ENERGY

  24. U.S. SOLAR INSOLATION MAP

  25. 2004 SOLAR ENERGY STATUS • Total U.S. installed PV and solar thermal capacity is 0.5 GW • Total world PVcapacity is 4 GWwith 1.8 GW being grid connected • The nine parabolic trough plants for concentra-ting solar power produce energy at 12 – 14 ¢/kWh • The price of power from grid-connected PV systems is 20 – 30 ¢/kWh • PV systems at APS facility in Prescott, AZ

  26. DOE SOLAR PROGRAM GOALS • Photovoltaics: 6 ¢/kWh by 2020 • The goal of the US DOE is to install 1000MW of new concentrating solar power systems in the southwestern United States by 2010 with costs of 0.07 $/kWh • Concentrating solar power/troughs: 5¢/kWhby 2012

  27. FORECASTED RENEWABLE COSTS 4030 20 10 0 100 80 60 40 20 0 PV Wind cents / kWh 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 70 60 50 40 30 20 100 1512 9 6 30 10 8 6 4 20 Solar thermal Biomass Geothermal cents / kWh 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 all costs are levelized in constant year 2000 dollars Source: NREL Energy Analysis Office (www.nrel.gov/analysis/docs/cost_curves_2002.ppt)

  28. KEY CHALLENGES IN RENEWABLE EXPANSION • Integration into the grid • interconnection • grid capability • reliability issues • power quality • Competitiveness of technology costs • Environmental problems • Development of storage technology

  29. KEY CHALLENGES IN RENEWABLE EXPANSION • Government policies at the • federal • state • local levels • Regulatory accommodation • permitting processes • back up power • “green power” differential

  30. COURSE OBJECTIVES • Acquaint students with some basic physical principles used in renewable energy • Stress the importance of economics and environ-mental aspects in electricity developments • Expose students to the exciting aspects of energy

  31. COURSE OBJECTIVES • Expose students to some of the major developments in renewable resources and their integration into the power grid • Provide a basic understanding of impacts of market forces on shaping the electricity business • Give students the opportunity to do a project in a team environment and to make a formal presen-tation

  32. PERSPECTIVES • Understanding of the scientific principles underlying renewable resources is essential • Awareness of the role that renewables can play is important • Challenges in the integration of renewables are major

  33. TOPICAL OUTLINE • General overview of electricity demand, supply, industry structure, interconnected system operations and state of technology • Nature and role of alternative generation sources • Review of concepts in electric circuit analysis

  34. TOPICAL OUTLINE • Engineering aspects of alternative source generation technologies: thermodynamics considerations; solar resource and solar array systems; wind resource and wind generation systems; other renewable resource technologies; hydro, geothermal, closed system fuel cells; role of power electronic circuits in renewable technologies; economics of various technologies; environmental attributes

  35. TOPICAL OUTLINE • Engineering principles of electrical storage technologies: electrical vs. chemical energy storage; batteries; double-layer capacitors; superconducting magnetic energy storage; flywheels • The demand picture: the nature of electrical loads; time variation, periodicity and price dependence

  36. TOPICAL OUTLINE • Demand management and energy conservation; efficiency improvements; load management; price-responsive demand; and, the role of new technologies • Electricity markets basics • Integration of renewable generation into the grid • Regulatory policy aspects

  37. GRADING POLICY • The course grade is based on the performance of the student in the homework assignments, the quizzes, the final exam and the project • Students form teams and each team undertakes the preparation of a final project and its presentation to the class

  38. GRADING POLICY TABLE

  39. THE FIRST CLASS • 34 undergraduate students from ECE and other engineering departments • The project was the highlight of the course for many students • Students have become well exposed to the many challenges in the integration of renewable resources

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