Diabetes

1. Diabetes

2. Introduction Diabetes is a disease that affects millions of Indians every year. Although there is no known cure for diabetes, several known treatments can control this disease. The success of any diabetes treatment depends largely on the patient.

3. Diabetes, mainly type 2 diabetes is very common in India. By 2025, India is predicted to have the most number of diabetics in the world. Women are as equally affected by diabetes as men.

4. What is Diabetes

5. Type 1 Diabetes Type 1 diabetes is usually diagnosed in children and young adults, and was previously known as juvenile diabetes. In type 1 diabetes, the body does not produce insulin. Insulin is a hormone that needed to convert sugar (glucose), starches and other food into energy needed for daily life. Finding out you have diabetes is scary. But don�t panic. Type 1 diabetes is serious, but people with diabetes can live long, healthy, happy lives.

6. Type 2 Diabetes Type 2 diabetes is the most common form of diabetes. In type 2 diabetes, either the body does not produce enough insulin or the cells ignore the insulin. Insulin is necessary for the body to be able to use glucose for energy. When you eat food, the body breaks down all of the sugars and starches into glucose, which is the basic fuel for the cells in the body. Insulin takes the sugar from the blood into the cells. When glucose builds up in the blood instead of going into cells, it can cause two problems: 1. Right Away, your cells may be starved for energy. 2. Over time, high blood glucose levels may hurt your eyes, kidneys, nerves or heart

7. Detection of Diabetes Diabetes is detected when a high level of sugar is detected in a persons blood or urine. The most reliable test results are obtained when the sugar level in the blood is checked before any food or liquid is ingested. This is known as a fasting blood sugar. A range for a normal fasting blood sugar is between 70 and 100 mg/dl.

8. Common signs and symptoms Excessive thirst Frequent urination Excessive Hunger Weight loss Fatigue Changes in vision Slow-healing cuts or infections Persistent itching of the skin

9. If left untreated, the level of glucose in the blood can become very high, inducing coma and possibly death. The signs and symptoms depend on when diabetes is discovered and the type of diabetes.

10. Diabetes Treatment Options Diabetes cannot be cured. Keeping the level of sugar in the blood within its normal range can, however, control it. The treatment and management of diabetes varies from patient to patient.

11. Type 1 Diabetes Treatment Options Patients with Type 1 diabetes do not produce insulin. Patients who lack insulin in their bodies must make certain adjustments in their diet and must take insulin. Insulin can only be given through injections. These injections may need to be given several times a day.

12. Type 2 Diabetes Treatment Options Patients with Type 2 diabetes may not need insulin. Diabetes in these patients is typically controlled with diet and exercise. Sometimes oral medications are also prescribed. In some cases of Type 2 diabetes, insulin may also be required.

13. Uncontrolled Diabetes Can Lead To: Heart Attack Kidney Diseases Nerve Damage Eye Disease

14. Diabetes can be controlled by A healthy diet may include changing what one eats, in what quantities, and how often.

15. Diabetes can be controlled by

16. Diabetes can be controlled by

17. Diabetes can be controlled by

18. The three goals of eating right are Controlling body weight Keeping the level of blood-sugar at a normal level Reducing fat in the body

19. Hyperglycemia

20. Hyperglycemia

21. Hyperglycemia

22. Summary Diabetes management consists of: Following a diet plan Testing blood sugar Exercising Taking any prescribed medication on time Ensuring good hygiene Learning about diabetes

23. Thanks to advances in medicine, diabetes can be successfully controlled. The role of the patient is essential in making a diabetes management plan succeed.

24. Foods to avoid or take in reduced amounts for diabetics SALT: You get enough salt from vegetables in inorganic form, so reduce the intake of�extra salt. SUGAR: Sucrose, a table sugar, provides nothing but calories and carbohydrates. Substitute sucrose�with natural sugar, like honey, jaggery (gur), etc. FAT: Excessive fat intake is definitely not a good habit. Try and exclude�fried items from the diet But, remember, a small quantity of oil�is needed to absorb fat-soluble vitamins, especially vitamin E. WHOLE MILK AND PRODUCTS: Try to switch to low fat milk and its products like yogurt (curd). WHITE FLOUR (MAIDA) AND ITS PRODUCTS: Replace these with whole grains, whole wheat (ATTA) or soya breads and unpolished rice. FOODS WITH A HIGH CARBOHYDRATE (SUGAR) CONTENT: Avoid white rice, potatoes, carrots, breads and�banana � they increase the blood-sugar levels.��

25. Recommended foods for diabetics Bitter gourd (karela) This vegetable contains a high dosage of�'plant insulin'. It lowers the blood sugar levels�effectively. Have the juice of three to four�karelas early morning on an empty stomach. As a vegetable, too, it can be taken on a regular basis. Powder the seeds of karela (measuring�1 teaspoon), mix with water and drink it. Fenugreek (methi) It is�the most common food used to control diabetes. Gulp a teaspoonful of these seeds�with a glass of water daily. Soak the seeds overnight.�Have the water in which the seeds were soaked. You can�make a chutney with�methi seeds.�You can also�eat them sprouted, dried and powdered, or mix them in wheat flour to make chapattis.

26. Recommended foods for diabetics Indian blackberry (jamun) This fruit is�very effective in preventing and controlling diabetes. Powder the stone of�the fruit�and eat it�-- it�contains glucoside, which prevents the conversion of starch into sugars. Garlic This is used�to lower blood-sugar levels. Garlic is rich in potassium and replaces the potassium which gets lost�in�urine. It also contains zinc and sulphur, which are components of insulin. Take about three to four flakes of freshly crushed garlic daily. Onion Because of its diuretic and digestive properties, onion�works against diabetes. Raw onion is more useful.

27. Recommended foods for diabetics Flaxseed This is the richest source of Omega 3 fatty acids. It helps�control diabetes because it maintains the sensitivity of the cell membrane, facilitates�insulin, and�thereby the uptake of glucose by the cells. Fibre Soluble fibre, found in apples, kidney beans (rajma), oatmeal, soyabean, etc, help�control diabetes. These aid�slow digestion and absorption of nutrients, resulting in a slow and steady release of glucose. They soak up excess bile acids found in the intestinal tract, the same acids that are converted to blood cholesterol. They also�help empty the stomach and bring about a feeling of satisfaction that can help Type 2 diabetics to achieve weight loss goals.

28. Recommended foods for diabetics Cinnamon solution Water extracts of cinnamon have been found to promote glucose metabolism and reduce�cholesterol. You can boil cinnamon sticks�in water and drink this water. Antioxidants Diabetes is often associated with conditions like heart disease, diabetic retinopathy, immune deficiency and kidney disease. Many�are caused by free radical damage.�Therefore, make sure you include foods containing antioxidants, like amla, fresh seasonal fruits, pomegranates and green/black tea in your diet.