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Developing Competence and Identity in Childhood and Adolescence

Explore the psychosocial crisis of initiative versus guilt and its impact on children's development of skills and sense of self. Learn about self-concept in middle childhood, factors influencing family function, friendship dynamics, moral reasoning, and different family structures. Discover the importance of social comparisons, the effects of bullying, and the endorsement of moral imperatives.

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Developing Competence and Identity in Childhood and Adolescence

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  1. The Developing Person Through Childhood and Adolescence, Tenth Editionby Kathleen Stassen BergerClicker Question Presentation SlidesChapter 13 Critical Thinking Questions created by Sara Harris, Illinois State University

  2. In Erikson’s fourth psychosocial crisis, ______, children attempt to master many skills, developing a sense of themselves as either competent or incompetent. • initiative versus guilt • autonomy versus shame and doubt • identify versus role confusion • industry versus inferiority

  3. Between ages 6 and 11, a child’s self-concept becomes: • more realistic. • rigid. • less realistic. • unstable.

  4. Two factors interfere with family function in every structure, ethnic group, and nation: • age of parents and number of siblings. • low income and high conflict. • parental employment and divorce. • poor nutrition and lack of resources.

  5. According to research on friendship in middle childhood, which pair is most likely to be friends? • Laura and Alec, whose older siblings have dated for a year • Tanner, age 9, and Sarah, age 11, who attend the same school • Shawn and Carlos, who are the same age and come from middle-income families • Aimee and Jenna, who come from different ethnic and SES backgrounds but attend the same church camp

  6. According to Kohlberg, ____ moral reasoning emphasizes social rules. preconventional conventional postconventional universal

  7. Critical Thinking Questions

  8. Mrs. Havlin is a middle school teacher. As she observes the interactions of her students, she is likely to notice them: • making frequent social comparisons. • bullying and intimidating unpopular children. • seeking out opposite sex rather than same-sex friends. • experiencing drastic declines in self-esteem, especially early in the school year.

  9. Ten-year-old Jose lives with his parents, younger sister, and both of his maternal grandparents. Jose lives in a(n) ____ family. • nuclear • blended • extended • polygamous

  10. Isaiah is 11-years old. If he is like a typical child of this age, which of the following moral imperatives will he endorse? • Protect your friends. • Be nice to everyone, regardless of how others treat you. • You have to lie and break the rules sometimes to keep your friends. D. Always tell adults what is happening.

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