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Cuban Missile Crisis

Cuban Missile Crisis. 1959: Fidel Castro and rebels overthrow pro-US dictator Fulgencio Batista US: trade and economic embargo on Cuba 1961: “Bay of Pigs” Invasion Group of Cuban exiles land on Cuba US supported Aim: overthrow Castro g’ment Failure Encouraged Cuba to turn to

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Cuban Missile Crisis

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  1. Cuban Missile Crisis

  2. 1959: Fidel Castro and rebels overthrow pro-US dictator Fulgencio Batista • US: trade and economic embargo on Cuba • 1961: “Bay of Pigs” Invasion • Group of Cuban exiles land on Cuba • US supported • Aim: overthrow Castro g’ment • Failure • Encouraged Cuba to turn to USSR for support

  3. October 1962 • US surveillance of Cuba: USSR installing offensive nuclear bases • Direct threat to US security • JFK: naval and air blockade of Cuba • US forces and NORAD readied for war

  4. Soviet Premier Khrushchev: refused to remove the missiles • USSR armed forces put on alert • Soviet ships sent towards Cuba • Khrushchev agreed to dismantle missiles • US promise they wouldn’t invade Cuba

  5. US-Cuba relations • Difficult • US tightened embargo • US restricted Americans from doing business with and visiting Cuba • Embargo still in effect today (although some restrictions have been eased)

  6. Canada-US relations • US expected Canada’s unconditional support • Diefenbaker: UN send fact-finding mission to Cuba and verify US surveillance • Diefreluctant to draw Canada into major conflict • Canadian g’ment refused to place its NORAD forces on alert (at first) • G’ment didn’t allow US planes with nuclear bombs to land at Canadian bases • Americans furious • Dief: defending Canada’s independence • 80% Canadians thought Dief was wrong • Canadian troops eventually put on alert • Damaged Canada-US relations

  7. The Vietnam War

  8. Affected the politics and society in US and Canada • North Vietnam: communist • South Vietnam: US supported dictator • 1960’s: US started sending troops • 1966: 317,000 troops • USSR and China: weapons and aid to North • 1st war recorded by TV cameras

  9. My Lai Massacre (1968) • Massacre of Vietnamese children, women, and elderly by American troops in village of My Lai (347-504) • Tet Offensive (1968) • North attacking cities in the South

  10. Many Americans started to question the war • Anti-war protests • Canada’s reaction: • Canadians divided • More and more turn against Am. policy • Until 1968: most opponents students

  11. Canadian reaction (cont.) • 1965: American draft resisters & deserters came to Canada • US g’ment unhappy • Canadian g’ment tried to stay neutral • Close relationship w/ US made it difficult • Some Canadian companies benefitted • Sold goods • 1965: PM Pearson spoke out against Am. bombing • Severely reprimanded by President Johnson

  12. Vietnam War ends • 1969: Richard Nixon becomes US President • Pledged to pull US troops out of Vietnam • 1972: Americans begins to withdraw • 1973: last American troops left • 1975: North Vietnamese military offensive crushed South Vietnamese army • Vietnam unified under communist rule • 1000’s of Vietnamese accepted into Canada and become citizens

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