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FOOD

FOOD . CHAINS . TROPHIC. LEVELS. ECOLOGICAL. PYRAMIDS. which. Food Chain :. is a sequence of feeding relationships describing ______ ___________________ . organism eats another. source of energy. Sun. The ____ is the ______________ for food chains. eagle. FOOD CHAINS.

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FOOD

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  1. FOOD CHAINS TROPHIC LEVELS ECOLOGICAL PYRAMIDS

  2. which Food Chain: is a sequence of feeding relationships describing ______ ___________________. organismeatsanother sourceofenergy Sun The ____ is the ______________ for food chains. eagle FOOD CHAINS Keep in mind that the arrow tip always points towards the “eater”. snake eater frog grass- hopper grass food

  3. Label and write descriptions on your food chain diagram. FOOD CHAINS There are different levels of consumers….. eagle cannot Since they _______ make their own food, they must eat or “________” other organisms. snake consume frog basis They form the _____ of all ________ food chains. grass- hopper terrestrial They use the energy in _______to make their own food sunlight grass through a process called _____________. photosynthesis

  4. FOOD CHAINS Top carnivore: any organism that is __________ by any other. top It’s at the ___ of its food chain. not hunted There are different levels of consumers….. quaternary consumer eagle The ___ consumer in a food chain. It eats ________________. 4th tertiary consumers snake tertiary consumer The ___ consumer in a food chain. It eats __________________. 3rd secondary consumers secondary consumer frog 2nd The ___ consumer in a food chain. It eats ________________. primary consumers grass- hopper primary consumer 1st The ___ consumer in a food chain. It eats _________. producers grass

  5. Let’s THINK

  6. FOOD CHAINS All organisms eventually die and decompose. eagle is the ___________ and _____________ of dead organisms. Detritus: wastematter rottingremains snake Decomposers: are organisms that ___ _______ and break it down into ________. frog eat detritus detritus grass- hopper nutrients decomposers grass are substances needed for an organism’s ______ and _____. Nutrients: The cycle restarts. nutrients growth repair

  7. Let’s THINK

  8. aquatic Food chains can occur in _______ ecosystems. top carnivore killer whale Marine food chains start with microscopic aquatic organisms called _____________ shark FOOD CHAINS phytoplankton that can perform _____________ to make their own food. photosynthesis larger fish small fish zooplankton phytoplankton

  9. aquatic Food chains can occur in _______ ecosystems. Though most aquatic food chains start off with photosyntheticphytoplankton that get their energy from the sun, there are exceptions. FOOD CHAINS In the 1970s, scientists discovered deep sea _________________ in the ocean hydrothermal vents which were too deep for _______ to reach. sunlight Here they found new types of _______ bacteria that could generate energy using the _______ found in the vents. Hydrothermal Vent sulfides How could a food chain start without sunlight and photosynthesis?

  10. aquatic Food chains can occur in _______ ecosystems. Though most aquatic food chains start off with photosyntheticphytoplankton that get their energy from the sun, there are exceptions. FOOD CHAINS In the 1970s, scientists discovered deep sea _________________ in the ocean hydrothermal vents which were too deep for _______ to reach. sunlight Chemoautotrophic Bacteria in Hydrothermal Vents Here they found new types of _______ bacteria that could generate energy using the _______ found in the vents. sulfides How could a food chain start without sunlight and photosynthesis? They didn’t need the ___ for energy. sun

  11. aquatic Food chains can occur in _______ ecosystems. Bacteria in these vents form the basis of vent food chains in the same way as phytoplankton and plants do in other ecosystems. octopus secondary consumer FOOD CHAINS crab primary consumer chemo-autotrophic bacteria producer Hydrothermal Vent Organisms

  12. Let’s THINK

  13. HUMANS AND FOOD CHAINS Since humans are not hunted for food by any other animal, and since humans eat almost anything, (well maybe not this) this makes us ____________. top carnivores ? Where are humans on any food chain? Count how many of these animals you’ve eaten in your life.

  14. HUMANS AND FOOD CHAINS Have you ever eaten one of these? What food chains did you participate in when you ate this? What is it made of? beef wheat tomato cheese onion lettuce

  15. HUMANS AND FOOD CHAINS human human human human human Humans are mainly _______ consumers because we eat a lot of _____. primary plants When we eat animals, they are usually _________ , herbivores so this makes us also _________ consumers. secondary cow wheat lettuce onion tomato grass

  16. No ecosystem is only made up of only one food chain. FOOD WEBS Members of one food chain usually also belong to another. When you put all the _____________ food chains in an ecosystem together, you form a ________. interconnecting foodweb

  17. TROPHIC LEVELS Trophic Level: position It is the _______ an organism occupies in a food chain. eagle link Each ___ in the chain represents one trophic level. shark snake On land, the first trophic level begins with ______. larger fish plants frog In the water, the first trophic level begins with _____________. small fish grass- hopper phytoplankton zooplankton grass phytoplankton

  18. TROPHIC LEVELS Trophic Level: position It is the _______ an organism occupies in a food chain. eagle link Each ___ in the chain represents one trophic level. 5th trophic level shark snake 4th trophic level larger fish frog 3rd trophic level small fish grass- hopper zooplankton 2nd trophic level grass phytoplankton 1st trophic level

  19. TROPHIC LEVELS As organisms eat one another, ______ is transferred up the food chain. energy eagle 0.1 kcal However, as energy is moved from one trophic level to the next, only ___ % of the energy makes it to the next level. - 0.9 kcal 10 1 kcal snake - 9 kcal biomass This 10 % is used to build _______ 10 kcal frog bodily functions as well as to fuel ______________. - 90 kcal 90 This means that ___% of the energy is lost, grass- hopper 100 kcal mostly in the form of _______ detritus heat and as ____ from metabolic processes. - 900 kcal grass 1000 kcal

  20. ECOLOGICAL PYRAMIDS Ecological Pyramids: These are diagrams that represent each energy trophic level according to its ______ , _______ or _________. biomass population Total energy present in tertiary consumers. 1) Pyramid of Energy: This pyramid indicates the amount of ______ that is present in each trophic level. energy Total energy present in secondary consumers. The amount of energy always_________ as you move up trophic levels. Total energy present in primary consumers. decreases Total energy present in producers.

  21. ECOLOGICAL PYRAMIDS Ecological Pyramids: These are diagrams that represent each energy trophic level according to its ______ , _______ or _________. biomass population 1) Pyramid of Energy: This pyramid indicates the amount of ______ that is present in each trophic level. energy The amount of energy always_________ as you move up trophic levels. decreases

  22. ECOLOGICAL PYRAMIDS Ecological Pyramids: These are diagrams that represent each energy trophic level according to its ______ , _______ or _________. biomass population Total biomass present in tertiary consumers. 2) Pyramid of Biomass: This pyramid indicates the amount of _______ that is present in each trophic level, in a given area. biomass Total biomass present in secondary consumers. Biomass is the amount of _________ (without water) within organisms. dry matter Total biomasspresent in primary consumers. On land, the amount of biomass _________ as you move up trophic levels. decreases Total biomass present in producers.

  23. ECOLOGICAL PYRAMIDS Ecological Pyramids: These are diagrams that represent each energy trophic level according to its ______ , _______ or _________. biomass population 2) Pyramid of Biomass: This pyramid indicates the amount of _______ that is present in each trophic level, in a given area. biomass Biomass is the amount of _________ (without water) within organisms. dry matter On land, the amount of biomass _________ as you move up trophic levels. decreases

  24. ECOLOGICAL PYRAMIDS Ecological Pyramids: These are diagrams that represent each energy trophic level according to its ______ , _______ or _________. biomass population 2) Pyramid of Biomass: Total biomass present in tertiary consumers. In the water, the amount of biomass ________ as you move up trophic levels, increases Total biomass present in secondary consumers. creating an _______ pyramid. inverted Total biomasspresent in primary consumers. This is only possible because the reproductive rate of the organisms ________ as you go down trophic levels. increases Total biomass present in phytoplankton.

  25. ECOLOGICAL PYRAMIDS Ecological Pyramids: These are diagrams that represent each energy trophic level according to its ______ , _______ or _________. biomass population 2) Pyramid of Biomass: In the water, the amount of biomass ________ as you move up trophic levels, increases creating an _______ pyramid. inverted This is only possible because the reproductive rate of the organisms ________ as you go down trophic levels. increases

  26. ECOLOGICAL PYRAMIDS Ecological Pyramids: These are diagrams that represent each energy trophic level according to its ______ , _______ or _________. biomass population 3) Pyramid of Numbers: Total population of tertiary consumers. This pyramid indicates the _________ of individuals at each trophic level. population Total population of secondary consumers. The typical pyramid of numbers _________ as you move up trophic levels. decreases Total population of primary consumers. This occurs when many _____ and _________ producers feed a ______ number of consumers. small numerous smaller Total population of producers.

  27. ECOLOGICAL PYRAMIDS Ecological Pyramids: These are diagrams that represent each energy trophic level according to its ______ , _______ or _________. biomass population 3) Pyramid of Numbers: This pyramid indicates the _________ of individuals at each trophic level. population The typical pyramid of numbers _________ as you move up trophic levels. decreases This occurs when many _____ and _________ producers feed a ______ number of consumers. small numerous smaller

  28. ECOLOGICAL PYRAMIDS Ecological Pyramids: These are diagrams that represent each energy trophic level according to its ______ , _______ or _________. biomass population 3) Pyramid of Numbers: Total population of tertiary consumers. However, when the producers are ____ , large and are _____ in number than the primary consumers, fewer Total population of secondary consumers. the pyramid looks like this. Total population of primary consumers. Give an example of the kind of producers that would result in this type of pyramid. Total population of producers.

  29. ECOLOGICAL PYRAMIDS Ecological Pyramids: These are diagrams that represent each energy trophic level according to its ______ , _______ or _________. biomass population 3) Pyramid of Numbers: However, when the producers are ____ , large and are _____ in number than the primary consumers, fewer the pyramid looks like this. Give an example of the kind of producers that would result in this type of pyramid.

  30. The End!

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