Fighting for Control

1. Fighting for Control Unit 4 Chapter 8 Lesson 1 Pages 294-299

2. OBJECTIVES • Describe the fight to control North America. • Describe how alliances between native Americans and colonists affected the French and Indian War. • Explain the new laws passed after the French and Indian War.

3. VOCABULARY • Alliance – a formal agreement among groups or individuals. • Delegates – representatives • Parliament – the lawmaking branch of the British government • Proclamation – public announcement • Budget – plan for spending money

4. CONFLICTING CLAIMS

5. The Ohio Valley • Claimed by Britain and France • Along the Ohio River from the Appalachians to the Mississippi River • British = trade & growth • French = connected land in New France & New Orleans • 1750 – France sends soldiers to kick out the British

6. French and Indian War Begins

7. WAR • 1754 – Starts in North America • Spread to Europe • Native Americans fought for both sides, but mostly for the French

8. How did it all start? • July 1754 – Colonial leaders meet at Albany, New York • 7 Colonies sent delegates, Benjamin Franklin was one of them • Franklin said colonies MUST unite to fight French • Plan was known as the Albany Plan of Union – but not approved – colonists not ready to fight

9. A month earlier • Virginia sends George Washington to lead 150 soldiers to take Ohio Valley from French • Battles were fought • Fort Necessity built by Virginians • July 3, 1754 – French attack and take over the fort.

10. Fort Necessity Battle the 1st of the war

11. HELP NEEDED • Colonists asked Parliament for help • They sent an army to help fight the French and their Native American Allies • General Edward Braddock led the British

12. British lose early battles • April 1755 – Braddock takes 1,800 troops to attack Fort Duquesne • Washington came as an advisor • British – fight in open fields • French – fight like Native Americans (hide in forests) • Braddock is killed!

13. British start making progress. . . • Britain sends more troops and supplies • Captured Fort Duquesne & other French forts • Defeat French at Montreal & Quebec

14. At home in Britain • 1756 – French & British start fighting in Europe • Spain joins sides with French • British = stronger navy and defeat the Spanish in 1762 • France gives Spain most of Louisiana to make up for Spain’s losses

16. Treaty of Paris • 1763 – War ends • Britain gains most of • Canada • all French lands east of the Mississippi River • Spanish Florida • France losses most of their land in North America

17. Still more trouble . . . • British colonists wanted to move west and settle in what was once French land • Native Americans not so open to this idea • 1763 – Ottawa Chief Pontiac – unites Native Americans • Attack British forts and British settlements around forts

18. Proclamation of 1763 • King George III wants to end the fighting • 1763 makes the Proclamation of 1763 • States: • All land west of the Appalachian Mountains belong to Native Americans • White settlers in those lands were to leave

19. WHAT???? • Colonists ignored the Proclamation of 1763. • They had a right to that land • They fought for it and were not moving • So fighting continued with Native Americans • Who does the King think he is anyway?????

20. $$$$$ • Britain needs money to pay for the cost of the French and Indian War • Parliament passes new taxes for the colonists to pay • That should be fair, they fought the war for them anyway

21. SUGAR ACT • 1764 – Sugar Act passed to raise money • Taxed sugar & molasses brought into the colonies from the West Indies • This hurt mostly New England business • (Remember the Triangular Trade)

22. How did the French and Indian War change relations between the colonists and British? • Proclamation of 1763 • Sugar Act • Both angered the colonists

23. What events caused the French and Indian War? • Land disputes between the French & British, mainly in the Ohio Valley • The Battle of Fort Necessity

24. Why do you think French soldiers chose to fight in the same was as their Native American allies? • They had learned that the Native American’s fighting style was better suited to the forested frontier.

25. Cause and Effect • CAUSE  • EFFECT  Parliament passes the sugar act

26. Cause and Effect • CAUSE The British decide colonists should help pay for the war • EFFECT  Parliament passes the sugar act

27. Cause and Effect • CAUSE The Virginians build Fort Necessity in a disputed area. • EFFECT 

28. Cause and Effect • CAUSE The Virginians build Fort Necessity in a disputed area. • EFFECT The French attack troops at Fort Necessity starting the French and Indian War

29. THE END