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Lesson 16.1: War Erupts. Today’s Essential Question: What important decisions did President Lincoln have to make in the first few weeks of the Civil War?. Vocabulary. dilemma – a difficult problem with two equally undesirable solutions
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Lesson 16.1: War Erupts Today’s Essential Question: What important decisions did President Lincoln have to make in the first few weeks of the Civil War?
Vocabulary • dilemma– a difficult problem with two equally undesirable solutions • militia – group of volunteers who serve in their state’s military during emergencies • border states – slave states that hadn’t seceded yet • strength – a skill or an advantage • strategy – long-term plan for success • agrarian – having to do with agriculture or farming
Check for Understanding • What is today’s Essential Question? • What is a dilemma?
What We Already Learned The election of 1860, which Abraham Lincoln won, showed how slavery had divided the country.
What We Already Learned Read aloud with me! After Lincoln’s election, seven Southern states seceded and by February 1861 had formed the Confederate States of America.
What We Already Learned In his inaugural address, Lincoln reassured the South that he had no intention of interfering with slavery, but also spoke forcefully against secession.
What We Already Learned • Lincoln would not abandon federal forts in the South, including Fort Sumter in South Carolina. • These forts would soon need to be resupplied.
1. How did the secession of the Southern states confirm the fears Lincoln had expressed in his “House Divided” speech? • The powers of the House of Representatives would have to be increased. • It demonstrated that Congress was too weak to deal with the nation's problems. • It showed how the issue of slavery was threatening the Union. • It meant slavery would have to be outlawed in the United States.
First Shots at Fort Sumter • Fort Sumter was running out of supplies. Read aloud with me!
First Shots at Fort Sumter • Fort Sumter was running out of supplies. • Lincoln decided to send supply ships to Fort Sumter.
First Shots at Fort Sumter • Fort Sumter was running out of supplies. • Lincoln decided to send supply ships to Fort Sumter. • Confederate commander P.G.T. Beauregard’s shore guns fired on the fort for 34 hours.
First Shots at Fort Sumter • Fort Sumter was running out of supplies. • Lincoln decided to send supply ships to Fort Sumter. • Confederate commander P.G.T. Beauregard's shore guns fired on the fort for 34 hours. • The fort commander Major Robert Anderson was forced to surrender.
2. Where were the first shots of the Civil War fired? • The first shots of the Civil War were fired at Fort Sumter.
Lincoln Calls Out the Militia Two days after the surrender of Fort Sumter, President Lincoln asked the Union states to provide 75,000 militiamen for 90 days to put down the uprising in the South.
Lincoln Calls Out the Militia Lincoln’s call for 75,000 state militia troops for 90 days led to enthusiasm in the North.
Lincoln Calls Out the Militia Many responded with excitement, relief, or eagerness. Some feared the war would be over before they got a chance to fight.
3. Which seven states were the first to secede to form the Confederacy? Which one is NOT included?
3. Which seven states were the first to secede to form the Confederacy? • South Carolina • Mississippi • Kentucky • Florida • Alabama • Georgia • Louisiana • Texas Which one is NOT included?
Lincoln Calls Out the Militia Southern states that had not yet seceded reacted with shock and anger to this decision. They thought Lincoln’s call for troops was evil and aggressive.
Lincoln Calls Out the Militia Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Arkansas voted to join the Confederacy.
Lincoln Calls Out the Militia As in the North, Southern volunteers also rushed to enlist, with many fearing the war would be over before they could join the fight.
Virginia’s Secession With Virginia on its side, the Confed-eracy had a much better chance for victory. The Confederacy was strengthened by Virginia’s wealth, population, and prestige.
Virginia’s Secession In recognition of Virginia’s importance, the Confederacy moved its capital to Richmond.
Lee’s Decision Lincoln prepared for the war by offering command of all Union forces to the talented general, Robert E. Lee. Unwilling to fight against his home state, Lee resigned from the U.S. Army and offered his services to the Confederacy.
4. Why was Virginia important to the Confederacy? • It was home to many important factories. • It was a large and wealthy state. • It was the home of the talented general, Robert E. Lee. • Its mountains and valleys served as a protective barrier for the Confederate capital in Charleston. Choose all that are true!
5. Why did Robert E. Lee decide to fight for the Confederacy? • He did not support the idea of the Union. • He hoped to serve in the Confederate government some day. • He refused to fight against his home state. • He wanted to keep using slaves on his plantation.
Choosing Sides • It was important to Lincoln that the border states did not secede. • Border states were slave states that bordered the North and had not yet seceded.
Choosing Sides The location and resources of the border states made them pivotal in tipping the scales to one side or the other.
Choosing Sides • Maryland was of great concern. • If Maryland seceded, then Washington, D.C., would be cut off from the rest of the Union.
Choosing Sides • Lincoln sent in troops and ordered the arrest of Maryland politicians who were sympathetic to the South.
Choosing Sides • Lincoln sent in troops and ordered the arrest of Maryland politicians who were sympathetic to the South. • Because of Lincoln’s decisive actions, both Maryland and Delaware stayed in the Union.
Choosing Sides • Kentucky was deeply divided over secession. • Its rivers could provide an invasion route into the South, or provide a barrier for the South. • An 1861 invasion by Confederate troops convinced the state to stay in the Union.
Choosing Sides • Western Virginia, with the help of Union troops, broke away from Virginia and returned to the Union.
Choosing Sides • In Missouri, Union troops and local unionists fought against secessionists. • In the end, Missouri also stayed in the Union.
6. Why were the border states important to both sides? • Their location and resources made them pivotal in tipping the scales to one side or the other. • They contained most of the people and wealth of the country. • They believed in secession, but did not recognize slavery. • Many European immigrants lived there, and could influence the support of European nations.
7. Which border state was formed when it seceded from a Confederate state? • North Carolina • North Dakota • West Virginia • New Jersey • Arkansas
7. Which border state was formed when it seceded from a Confederate state? • North Carolina • North Dakota • West Virginia • New Jersey • Arkansas
Population • Union population: 22 million (71%) • Confederate population: 9 million (29%); 3.5 million were slaves
