Rise of Nationalism in China, India, & Southwest Asia

1. Rise of Nationalism in China, India, & Southwest Asia Chapter 30 Sections 3 & 4

2. I Nationalists Overthrow the Qing Dynasty • Kuomintang AKA the Nationalist Party pushed for modernization & nationalism • Leader = Sun Yixian • Sun Yixian’s “Principles of the People • Nationalism = end of foreign control • People’s rights = Democracy • People’s livelihood = economic security

3. Sun in power for 6 weeks  power given to Yuan Shikai • Yuan betrays Dem. Ideals  military dictator • Death leads to civil war  Kuomintang powerless  warlords take control of local areas • All going on during WWI

4. A. WWI & the May Fourth Movement • China declares war on Germany hoping that an allied victory would mean gaining their independence • Treaty of Versailles  Japan control  student led boycott of Japanese control supported by Mao Zedong • May Fourth Movement = unofficial Rev. & set of protests displaying Chinese commitment to independent, strong, & modern nation • Gives up on western democracy & turn to communism

5. II Communist Party in China • Young Chinese intellectuals see S.U. & Lenin as a model for change in China • Nationalist party disillusioned w/ Western Dem. • Align the Kuomintang w/ the Communist Party • Lenin sends military advisors & weapons to Nationalists

6. A. Clash between Nationalists & Communists • Sun dies  leaves Chiang Kai-Shek in power of Nationalist party • Middle class followers afraid of Com. Goal of socialist economy modeled after SU • Nationalist & Communist party unite to defeat the warlords • Nationalist then turn on Communist party • Invade Shanghai & nearly wipe out Com. Party • Shanghai massacre leaves Com. Party bitter & will eventually turn to civ. war

7. III Civil War Rages in China • Mao Zedong, survivor of Shanghai massacre, established communists in hills of south-central China • Chiang surrounds communists  Long March = dangerous 6,000 mi. retreat • Fought several battles while climbing mountains for over a yr. but finally reach n china • Japanese invasion at the onset of WWII leads to truce between Nationalists & communists to fight against common enemy

8. IV India Seeks Self-Rule • WWI  GB rule in India  India upset as they believed they would gain independence for fighting in war • Indians 2nd class citizens • Rowlatt Act = protesters could be jailed w/o trial for up to 2 years • Thousands of Hindus & Muslims flock to Amritsar (capital of Punjab) to protest Rowlatt Act • Amritsar Massacre = GB troops firing into crowd killing hundreds and injuring thousands

9. Mohandas Gandhi emerges as leader of independence movement • His teachings combined ideas from many world religions • Ghandi developed principle of satyagraha “truth force” • English called civil disobedience- deliberate and public refusal to obey unjust laws • Stages successful boycotts • Salt Acts = GB law that Indians could only buy salt from the gov’t and the salt tax • Salt March= Gandhi & followers march to seacoast to collect seawater to make their won salt • Nonviolence & civil disobedience Government of India Act

10. V Nationalism Spreads to Southwest Asia • Breakup of ottoman empire  rise of nationalism in SW Asia • Mustafa Kemal overthrows last Ottoman sultan  leader of Republic of Turkey • Separated laws of Islam from laws of the nation/new legal system/women rights • GB attempt to take over Persia  nationalism Reza Shah Pahlavi • Changes name of Persia to IRAN • Institutes reforms like Turkey but retains complete control • Saudi Arabia (Saud family) modernize but stay true to Islamic law