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How advances in Ocean/Sea transport have lead to reductions in distance friction & time-space convergence

How advances in Ocean/Sea transport have lead to reductions in distance friction & time-space convergence . History of Ocean Transportation. X000 BC - Rafts made by tying logs together- Steered by one person - Used to cross rivers and lakes- transported goods/ took people across the river

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How advances in Ocean/Sea transport have lead to reductions in distance friction & time-space convergence

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  1. How advances in Ocean/Sea transport have lead to reductions in distance friction & time-space convergence

  2. History of Ocean Transportation X000 BC- Raftsmade by tying logs together- Steered by one person - Used to cross rivers and lakes- transported goods/ took people across the river 4000 BC- Egyptians made reed boatsthat had a mast and sails - Used on River Nile 2500 BC- Egyptians built wooden boats that could sail across oceans 1550 BC to 300 BC- Ancient Greeks used the galley, a man-powered sailing vessel, to travel and trade and fight with their neighbours 1000 AD - Viking longboats- had sails and up to 60 people who rowed the ship. The ship was long and narrow - able to travel on the open sea as well as along rivers 1100 AD- Chinese Junks- sailing boats with a rudder for steering boats, battens on the sails to give them greater strength. Had watertight compartments - Used for fighting and transporting 1450 AD onwards- three and four masted wooden sailing ships - Used as battleships, exploring, trade vessels 1800 AD-Clipper Ships- fast sailing ships with long, slim hulls and tall masts

  3. Ocean Transportation after industrialization 1819 AD-Steamships- combined steam and wind power - Used to cross the Atlantic 1845 AD- Ocean-going liners made of iron- Driven by a propeller 1880 AD- Stern wheelers- Steam driven river boat with rear paddles 1910 AD- Sailing ships used diesel power instead of coal (using oil) 1955 AD-Hovercraft- capable of high speed (up to 140 km/hr) 1959 AD-Nuclear-powered cargo ships- can sail 3 and a half years without refuelling 1980 AD- Hydrofoil- used as ferries or water taxis - Container ships- carry cargo in huge metal boxes - Supertankers- one of the largest ships- used to transport oil 1990 AD- Cruise liners- Can carry hundreds of people - used for floating holidays - have restaurants, shops, cinemas etc. - Nuclear-powered aircraft carriers- used for protecting the country - Nuclear-powered submarines- used for protecting the country

  4. Overview of sea transport

  5. Containerization • First used in the 18th century but was not popularised until after World War 2, when container sizes were standardised • Greatly increased speeds (reducing travel time- time space convergence) • in 2009, 90% of the world’s non-bulk cargo was transported by ship

  6. Other purposes of Ocean Transportation • Tankers-transports fluids such as crude oil, petroleum, chemicals, vegetable oil, wine and other foods • Ferries (water taxi)-a form of transport carrying passengers and sometimes their vehicles • Cruise Ships-cruising has become a major part of the Tourism industry. Passenger ships • Cable layer-a deep sea vessel used to lay underwater cables for telecommunications and electricity.

  7. Video for more information

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