Sea Shield : Assured Access in the Littoral

1. UNCLASSIFIED Spirit of ‘76 Sea Shield : Assured Accessin theLittoral 23 October 2003 CAPT Ray Spicer, N76E Deputy for Surface Ships UNCLASSIFIED

2. Recent Maritime Operations Highlight the Need for Assured Access in the Littoral We Must Operate Here, and Counter Asymmetric Access-Denial Threat 2

3. Sea Shield Mission • Assure access and sustainability throughout the battle space • Project robust defense • Provide a sea-based layer for Homeland Defense

4. Sea ShieldPillars Sea Shield Force Protection Surface Warfare Under Sea Warfare Theater Air and Missile Defense

5. Surface Warfare Issues • Over the Horizon surface threats • Small Boat Threats • Wide Area MIO • Protection of MIW / EXW / CLF/ MPF-F Forces

6. Threat vs. Current Capability BB Round (10nm) Armed Helo MK 45 GUN (6.5nm) Hellfire(4nm) .50 Cal (1nm) Small Arms (>1000 yds) MK 38 (1500 yds) CIWS IB (2nm) 10 5 NM RPG/Small Arms (>1000yds) The Threat ASCM (10nm) Wake Homing Torpedo (7nm) Layered Defense is key

7. Future SUW Warfighting • Dispersed force of smaller networked platforms with distributed, unmanned sensors • Directed-energy weapons, to provide protection both at sea and pierside. • 5 Inch Force Protection Projectile to increase range and lethality • CIWS 1B to provide inner layer defense against small boats • Stabilized 25mm Gun to provide more accuracy and range

8. Under Sea Warfare Issues • Mine identification and neutralization • Neutralize submarine threats to operations in the littorals • Provide self-defense against sub-surface threat weapons • ‘Hold at Risk’ submarine threat throughout the theater

9. TF ASW Tasking Science & Technology POR/ Systems CONOPS • CNO directed N6/N7 to conduct a focused ASW study to examine technology opportunities. • Task Force ASW will provide options to the CNO for research and development, science and technology, CONOPS and training. - Team A – S&T and R&D opportunities and capabilities - Team B – CONOPS and Training Goal – Technologies and CONOPS to fundamentally change ASW

10. Future ASW Warfighting ASW CONSTRUCT Orange Naval Base Hold at Risk Orange Naval Base Clean Sweep Protected Passage Sea Base Maritime Shield Anti-Submarine Warfare Supremacy: Render an opposing submarine force incapable of interfering with mission accomplishment: • detect submarines anywhere, • engage submarines rapidly, and • neutralize submarine weapons. Hold at Risk • Achieve mission denial against adversary submarines and destroy enemy submarines at times and places of our choosing Protected Passage • Assure access with safe transits in the face of submarine threats Maritime Shield • Establish and protect Sea Bases from submarine penetration and defeat submarine attacks

11. Takeaways • Sea Shield • Concept is core to Joint Warfighting • Most critical and most challenged in the littoral environment • ASW, MIW, SUW • ASW • Move from mass force to mass effects • SUW • Early detection and a layered defense is key • Stabilized 25mm fills capability gap until CIWS 1B is fully fielded

12. Backups

13. Littoral Warfare Issues • Anti-Submarine Warfare (ASW) • Neutralize submarine threats to operations in the littorals • Provide self-defense against sub-surface threat weapons • ‘Hold at Risk’ submarine threat throughout the theater • Surface Warfare (SUW) • Over the Horizon (OTH) surface threats • Swarming Small Boat Threats • Wide Area MIO • Protection of MIW / EXW / CLF/ MPF-F Forces Against Surface Threats • Mine Warfare (MIW) • Counter Mines From Deep to Shallow Water • Counter Minefields, Obstacles and Barriers from VSW to the Beach Exit Zone

14. TF ASW Team A Concepts Background / Context Today - Mass Forces Tomorrow – Mass Effects • Team B Current CONOPS Thoughts • “We can’t do ‘effects based ASW’- must mass force and carve out an area for Battle Force • Time-constrained large area search problem • CPF: 130 false contacts per day* • *Consistent with Falklands Conflict • Very sensor, weapon and numbers of platforms limited” • Team A Technology panel tasking - identify technology innovations so that we can mass effects not forces • provide quantum improvements in ASW capabilities • seek solutions: • without reliance on force on force • maximum compression of the ASW OODA loop • highly responsive detect to engage sequence Mid-Term Concepts Far -Term Concepts (including systems needing further definition) Distributed Fields, Tactical UAV, Rapid Attack Weapon Decoys / Countermeasures Large-N, Large Area Non-acoustic Search, Long Range Stand-off Weapon, Tagging Integrated Technology Concept

15. Sea Shield Capabilities Sea Shield Under Sea Warfare Force Protection Surface Warfare Theater Air and Missile Defense CDR Brennan MR Smith CDR Kadowaki CDR Sullivan LCDR Cegielski Provide Self-Defense Against Subsurface Threats Provide Self-Defense Against Air and Missile Threats Protect Against SOF and Terrorist Threats Provide Self-Defense Against Surface Threats Mitigate Effects of CBRNE Neutralize Submarine Threats in the Littorals Provide Maritime Air and Missile Defense Conduct Offensive Operations against Surface Threats Neutralize Open Ocean Submarine Threats Provide Overland Air and Missile Defense Counter Minefields from Deep to Shallow Water Conduct Sea-Based Missile Defense Breach Minefields, Obstacles, and Barriers from Very Shallow Water to the Beach Exit Zone Conduct Mining Operations 14 Capabilities

16. Sea Shield POM-06 Gaps Protect the Naval Force • Platform Defense Against Undersea Threats • Platform Force Protection • Sea Based Ballistic Missile Defense Assure Access in Contested Littorals • MIW Capacity to Clear Large Areas • ASW Cueing and Search • 3. (Excess) Maritime Air Defense Capability Project Defensive Power Over Land • MIW Assault Breaching Capability

17. 13-Grain Tungsten Alloy Shot Shell Pellets (~ 9000) Cargo Projectile Body MK 432 Fuze Aluminum Spacers WC294 Expelling Charge HE-CVT or HE-ET KE-ET Force Protection Projectiles • Requirements: 800 – 8,000 yards • Near-term enhanced SuW capability • High level interest in the program • Short turnaround • At sea test Jul 03; Oct SWARMEX • One-time procurement of 6000 rounds • Status: Completing Mk-160 & Mk-86 integration

18. Force Protection Projectiles • 5”/54 BB-round • At-sea Testing 30 July (CG-57) • Effective Range 500-8,000 yds • Procured 6000 BB-rounds (IOC Spring 04) Twice the Lethal Area (for topside personnel) of current HE round.

19. Phalanx Block 1B Highly effective vs Small Boat Swarm Threat • Key Capabilities • 4-5 ASM Engagements without reload • 8-10 Surface Engagements without reload • Integrated Radar & Infra-red Sensors • Increased Kill Range against advanced maneuvering ASM threats. • Autonomous or Integrated with CDS • Provides critical Low Elevation detection and tracking data to the ships CDS RF SEARCH EO TRACK RF TRACK • Target Mix • Anti-ship Missiles: • All Altitudes • Subsonic / High Supersonic • High-G Maneuvering • Fixed-wing Aircraft • Helicopters • Surface Threats including small craft and mines. 17 Mounts in Fleet, All Ships by 2011

20. 25mm Stabilized vs Unstabilized Probability of hit (16'x16' billboard) Empirical Data (Modeling) 1 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 Stabilized with E/O sight & LRF (Composite of STARC 25, Typhoon, Valkyrie) 0.2 Unstabilized 25mm Mount 0.1 (MK 38) 0 Range (yds) 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 PH 6 mounts to Fleet by Summer 2005; ramp up to 46 ships by 2007

21. Small Arms Purchased GOTS to close the Gap • MK38 Chain Gun (Unstabilized 25mm) • POR now supports 2 guns per deployer • Mk44 GAU-17 Gatling Gun (3000 rds/min) • Delivered 90 guns • Training Commands FCTC Dam Neck & FTC San Diego • Mk 95 Twin .50 cal Machine Gun Mounts (1100 rds/min) • Delivered 255 mounts - 135 more on contract • Arriving 50/month to deployers • Mk 99 Twin M240 Machine Gun (1500 rds/min) • Increased reliability over M-60 - Delivered 10 for Fleet demo • Positive feedback - possible low-cost alternative to GAU-17 All deployers now have 2 MK38 Chain Guns and either 2- GAU-17 or 2-Twin .50 cal machine guns