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Ancient Greece

Ancient Greece. Ancient Greece. Intro 1. Roster 2. Introduction 3. Syllabus (online/onscreen ) 4. Schedule (online/onscreen ) 5. questions; break? 6. Greece introduction 7. Geography 8. Slides: Franchthi etc. Beginnings. History of civilization: how to date? Definition of “text”

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Ancient Greece

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  1. Ancient Greece

  2. Ancient Greece • Intro • 1. Roster • 2. Introduction • 3. Syllabus (online/onscreen) • 4. Schedule (online/onscreen) • 5. questions; break? • 6. Greece introduction • 7. Geography • 8. Slides: Franchthi etc.

  3. Beginnings • History of civilization: how to date? • Definition of “text” • Hunter/gatherer vs. producer/settler • Definition of “culture” • Definition of “civilization”

  4. Beginnings • Various ages: paleolithic, neolithic, bronze, iron • The marks of civilization: cities, metals, and WRITING

  5. Ancient Greece • Evidence for the study of history • Material evidence • Written evidence

  6. Ancient Greece • Evidence for the study of history • Material evidence • Metal artifacts • Terra cotta artifacts • Written evidence

  7. Ancient Greece • Evidence for the study of history • Material evidence • Metal artifacts • Terra cotta artifacts • Written evidence • Media: clay, stone, metal, papyrus, parchment • Language

  8. Ancient Greece • Evidence for the study of history • Material evidence • Metal artifacts • Terra cotta artifacts • Written evidence • Media: clay, stone, metal, papyrus, parchment • Language • A FRACTION of what once was

  9. Ancient Greece • Evidence for the study of history • Material evidence • Metal artifacts • Terra cotta artifacts • Written evidence • Media: clay, stone, metal, papyrus, parchment • Language • A FRACTION of what once was • Implications?

  10. Ancient Greece • Sources for the study of Ancient Greece • 3000bc-700bc • Some Linear B tablets (Late Bronze Age) • Dark Age silence • Oral tradition (cyclic epic) = Homeric literature • 700bc-480bc • Homer & Hesiod • Archaic poets • Later writers looking backwards (e.g. classical historiographers, and Xenophon and Plutarch on Sparta)

  11. Ancient Greece • Sources for the study of Ancient Greece • 480bc-323bc • Historiographers • Drama • Philosophy • Oratory • 323bc-31bc • Limited historiography • Public record • Literary scholars and academic interest

  12. Ancient Greece • Greece: the Land.

  13. Ancient Greece • Greece: the Land. • Hellas • Crete • Anatolia • The Aegean • The size of Alabama

  14. Ancient Greece • Greece: the Land. • Mountains vs. arable land • Travel & trade • Climate, soil, & rainfall

  15. Ancient Greece • Greece: the Land. • Mostly farmers, some herders • Decent living • The pantheon reflects reality

  16. Ancient Greece • Greece: the Land. • Diet staples • Animal domestication • Always a land of small-scale farmers

  17. Ancient Greece • Greece: the Land. • Devotion to one’s own agr. plain • “Ancestral Earth”

  18. Ancient Greece • Greece: the Land. “The primary disunifying force throughout Greek history was the perpetual tension between those citizens who had much land and those who had little or none.” (Pomeroy, et al., A brief history of Ancient Greece (2009), 13)

  19. Ancient GreeceFranchthi • General Dating: • Now we can start talking about HISTORY • Neolithic Period: • Early Neolithic: ca. 6,000 – ca. 5,000 b.c. • Middle Neolithic: ca. 5,000 – ca. 4,500 b.c. • Late Neolithic: ca. 4,500 – ca. 4,000 b.c. • Final Neolithic: ca. 4,000 – ca. 3,000 b.c. • Bronze Age: ca. 3,000 – ca. 1,150 b.c.

  20. Ancient GreeceFranchthi • Earliest Evidence of human habitation in Greece: • -Petralona Cave • -Middle Paleolithic finds in Thessaly • hunter-gatherers typical of the Paleolithic period • FranchthiCave • -located in the NE Peloponnese near the Argolid Gulf • -finds date ca. 20,000 – 3,000 b.c. • -provides critical evidence for transition from hunting and gathering to settled farming (the “Neolithic Revolution”).

  21. Ancient GreeceFranchthi

  22. Ancient GreeceFranchthi

  23. Ancient GreeceFranchthi

  24. Ancient GreeceFranchthi

  25. Ancient GreeceFranchthi

  26. Ancient GreeceFranchthi

  27. Ancient GreeceSesklo • I. Features of Neolithic Period in Greece: • -Appearance of settled communities •  -Domestication of animals and crops •  -Permanent buildings • -Presence of obsidian at Neolithic site at Knossos and at sites in Thessaly and elsewhere indicate a “network of sea-borne contacts.” (O. Dickinson, TheAegean Bronze Age.) • II. Features of Neolithic sites • -most sites were in open positions •  -only identifiable permanent site is the farming village •  -permanence indicated by building materials and plan of buildings

  28. Ancient GreeceSesklo • III. The Farming Economy • -Wheat, barley, lentils, peas and vetch were grown. •  -Livestock included sheep and goats, sometimes cattle and pigs. • IV. Neolithic Sites in Thessaly in Northern Greece • -Most intensive development of transition to a more settled way of life occurred in Thessaly and western Macedonia. •   -‘Type’ Sites of Sesklo and Dimini are most important examples •   -‘type site’ – a typical representative of a group of culturally similar sites

  29. Ancient GreeceSesklo

  30. Ancient GreeceSesklo

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