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Second-Parent Adoptions

Second-Parent Adoptions. 1a. allowed in some states, a second same-sex partner is allowed to adopt the first partner’s biological or previously adopted child. 1b. Working-Poor Families. 2a.

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Second-Parent Adoptions

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  1. Second-Parent Adoptions 1a

  2. allowed in some states, a second same-sex partner is allowed to adopt the first partner’s biological or previously adopted child. 1b

  3. Working-Poor Families 2a

  4. families whose incomes remain below the poverty threshold despite family members’ full-time employment. 2b

  5. Poverty Spells 3a

  6. short-term poverty experiences due to temporary changes in employment or a life crisis. 3b

  7. Chronic Poverty 4a

  8. long-term poverty associated with factors like ongoing physical or mental disabilities, discrimination, and a lack of education or work skills 4b

  9. Generational Poverty 5a

  10. two of more generations of families who survive on limited family resources. 5b

  11. Literally Homeless 6a

  12. families without homes who live in their cars, tents, emergency shelters, or other temporary locations. 6b

  13. Precariously Housed 7a

  14. these families avoid becoming homeless by staying with friends and family members or by paying a high proportion of their income on rent. 7b

  15. Food Insecurity 8a

  16. occurs when families lack the economic resources to access enough food for an active and healthy life. 8b

  17. Schoolcentric Perspective of Family Involvement 9a

  18. reflects school policies, activities, and events that are defined by and primarily conducted for the benefit of teachers and school administrators 9b

  19. Culture of Poverty 10a

  20. a view in which families living in poverty are characterized by defeatist attitudes, a lack of initiative, and a lack of intelligence, all of which keep them from making economic advancements. In short, the poor are themselves at blame for their poverty. This is an outdated view as it overlooks other economic and social factors. 10b

  21. Minimum Wage 11a

  22. currently set at $7.25 per hour by the federal government 11b

  23. Living Wage 12a

  24. a wage that supports a reasonable standard of living in a given community. 12b

  25. Thrift Economies 13a

  26. thrift outlets, consignment and secondhand stores, and yard sales that allow families with limited incomes to stretch their budget 13b

  27. Social Exchange Theory 14a

  28. relationships are viewed as a series of social exchanges in which we attempt to maximize our rewards and minimize our costs. 14b

  29. Rewards 15a

  30. a concept associated with Social Exchange Theory. Rewards include any material, physical, social, and / or psychological experience that reinforces our social relationships 15b

  31. Costs 16a

  32. a concept associated with Social Exchange Theory, costs include anything that we find punitive or unrewarding in our social relationships 16b

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