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Sterilization Methods

Learn about essential sterilization methods in microbiology, including terminology, oxygen requirements for microbes, and chemical agents. Understand the classification of chemical agents based on effectiveness levels. Find out what can be used in a lab for optimal sterilization purposes.

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Sterilization Methods

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  1. Sterilization Methods Microbiology Biology II Mrs. Hieneman

  2. Terminology • Sterilization – complete elimination of microbial viability • Sterilant – chemical agent that sterilizes • Disinfection – killing, inhibition or removal of disease-causing microbes. • Disinfectant – chemical agent that disinfects • Antiseptic – chemical agents applied to tissues which prevent sepsis • Sanitation – establishment of environmental conditions favorable to health.

  3. Terminology • -cide: to kill • Germacide • Bactericide • Fungicide • -static: to inhibit growth • Bacteriostatic • Fungistatic

  4. Oxygen Requirements for Microbes • Obligate aerobes – grow only in the presence of oxygen. • Strict anaerobes – grow only in the absence of oxygen. • Facultative anaerobe – can grow in presence (best) or absence of oxygen. • Microaerophilic – require small amount of oxygen (about 5%), inhibited by normal (oxygen) of atmosphere. • Aerotolerant – oxygen?? Who cares!!!!

  5. Oxygen Requirements For Microbes

  6. Chemical Agents • Work by disrupting cellular membranes, oxidizing macromolecules, denaturing proteins. • Include disinfectants and antiseptics • Classified base upon effectiveness: • High Level – effective against all life • Intermediate Level – defined as tuberculocidal, as well as more resistant viruses (hepatitis C virus) • Low Level – kill vegetative cells of bacteria and fungi and enveloped viruses.

  7. Chemical Agents • Phenolics – contain phenol or its derivatives • Disinfectant; intermediate to low level • Aldehydes • Formaldehyde • Disinfectant: high to intermediate level • Alcohols • Antiseptics and disinfectants; intermediate level

  8. Chemical Agents • Halogens • Disinfectant and antiseptic; intermediate level • Heavy Metals • Disinfectant and antiseptic; low level • Soaps • Detergents derived from lipids • Antiseptic and disinfectants; low level • Gases • Disinfectant; high level

  9. What Can Be Used In Our Lab???? • Soap • Disinfectant • Antiseptic • Sterile filtration • Bunsen Burner

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