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John Salzman, DMX Inflight Al McGowan, TEAC

John Salzman, DMX Inflight Al McGowan, TEAC. Audio Programming and Technologies. Why audio technologies? Document the process Creation of a reference model Review of audio technologies Digital Audio Compression Content Loading. Hours of Stereo Audio Content.

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John Salzman, DMX Inflight Al McGowan, TEAC

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  1. John Salzman, DMX Inflight Al McGowan, TEAC 2002 Educational Workshop - Prague

  2. Audio Programming and Technologies • Why audio technologies? • Document the process • Creation of a reference model • Review of audio technologies • Digital Audio Compression • Content Loading 2002 Educational Workshop - Prague

  3. Hours of Stereo Audio Content 2002 Educational Workshop - Prague

  4. Audio Programming and Technologies • Review reference model • Overview of audio compression • Discuss content loading methods 2002 Educational Workshop - Prague

  5. Audio Programming and Technologies • Breakout Discussions: New Strategies in Audio Programming: Audio System Quality and Reliability: MP3 and Next Gen. Audio Reproducers: 2002 Educational Workshop - Prague

  6. Audio Working Group Reference Model Audio Jacks Head Set Technology 2002 Educational Workshop - Prague

  7. Audio Encoding John Salzman, DMX Inflight 2002 Educational Workshop - Prague

  8. Analog Waveform 2002 Educational Workshop - Prague

  9. Studio Master 24-Bit Resolution Digital Approximations 48,000 per second 2002 Educational Workshop - Prague

  10. Sample Rates Lower Sample Rate Higher Sample Rate 2002 Educational Workshop - Prague

  11. MSB LSB MSB New LSB LSB Studio Master Quality24-Bit Resolution48,000 Samples per Second CD Audio 16-Bit Resolution 44,100 Samples per Second Trun-ca-tion: to cut off; to cut short 2002 Educational Workshop - Prague

  12. 1001010010111101001 0001101111010011101101001111100011011011 Point of Reference CD Audio Bitrate is 1411 kbps 2002 Educational Workshop - Prague

  13. Compact Disc-Interactive • First Digitally Compressed Audio Format Used for IFE • 4 Bit Resolution, 37,800 Samples per Second • Utilizes the Adaptive Delta Algorithm • CD-I Bitrate is 151 kbps Records the Change in Value Between Samples 2002 Educational Workshop - Prague

  14. By-products of Compression Algorithms • Rapid Decay of Diminishing Tones • Loss of Harmonic Ambiance • Clinical, Lifeless Sound • These Effects Vary from Song to Song 2002 Educational Workshop - Prague

  15. Joint Stereo CD Stereo Channel 1 Channel 1 Left Left/Right Common Channel 2 Channel 2 Right L Only R Only L Only R Only L Only R Only 2002 Educational Workshop - Prague

  16. 128 kbps 3 BIT 192 kbps 4 BIT 256 kbps 6 BIT 1411 kbps 16 BIT Bit Resolution 2002 Educational Workshop - Prague

  17. 1111 1110 1101 1100 1011 1010 1001 1000 0111 0110 0101 0100 0011 0010 000 110 101 100 011 010 001 111 0001 0000 4 Bit Resolution Effect of Bit ResolutionSame Sample Rate 3 Bit Resolution 2002 Educational Workshop - Prague

  18. AAC-Advanced Audio Coding • Developed within the MPEG Standard • NOT Backward Compatible with Layer 1, 2 or 3 • Higher Quality at Lower Bitrates MP3 Pro • Next Generation of MPEG Layer 3 Codecs • Offers MP3 128 kbps Quality at 64 kbps • Backward Compatible 2002 Educational Workshop - Prague

  19. Bitrate Recap Master 2300 kbps 24 BIT CD 1411 kbps 16 BIT CD-I 151 kbps 4 MPEG at 256 kbps MPEG at 192 kbps MPEG at 128 kbps 4 3 6 2002 Educational Workshop - Prague

  20. Use the Highest Bitrate Possible Depending On: • Storage Capacity Available • Amount of Content Offered • System Download Characteristics • Processor Speed • Size of Pipeline Onboard 2002 Educational Workshop - Prague

  21. TransCom Super 8 WAEA 1289-1 Hi-8 Beta / VHS File Server • Written to Specify a Method of Equalizing Dialogue Levels with Sound Effects and Music • The Intent is Still Current, the Method is Outdated • Revise the Standard to Incorporate: MPEG-4 AAC Dolby Digital 2002 Educational Workshop - Prague

  22. Audio Working Group Reference Model Audio Jacks Head Set Technology 2002 Educational Workshop - Prague

  23. Preparation of Digital Content • Encoding (Compression) • Creation of Metadata • Encoding of Elementary Streams • Multiplexed into system or transport streams if required by the system • Transferred to DDS2 DAT tape • DAT tape sent to Integrator to load onto Data Loader 2002 Educational Workshop - Prague

  24. Replication of Optical Media CD (CD-I) • CD-I Encoder creates CD replication master • CD’s are replicated/burned CD-R • Distributed to Airline 4 per aircraft DVD (MPEG 1 Layer 2 or Layer 3) • DVD master is created from MPEG files • DVD’s are Replicated/burned DVD-R • Distributed to Airline or Integrator 2002 Educational Workshop - Prague

  25. Distribution of Optical Media CD • Typically 4 per A/C installed in the EE Bay by airline mechanics monthly DVD • 1 per A/C • Location EE bay or VCC • Downloaded then removed • Stays on A/C for background Loading 2002 Educational Workshop - Prague

  26. Distribution of Digital Media “The Sting” Portable Data Loaders • Dedicated Data Loaders • Expensive / Faster / Easier • Laptop Computers • Inexpensive / Slower / Flexible 2002 Educational Workshop - Prague

  27. Distribution of Digital Media “The Swap” Exchange of Hard Disk Media • Remove and Re-Rack File Server • Expensive / Fast / Easy • Remove and Re-Install Hard Disk • Less expensive / Fast / Easy 2002 Educational Workshop - Prague

  28. Distribution of Digital Media “Manna from Heaven” • Satellite Delivery • Gate Link 2002 Educational Workshop - Prague

  29. Data Requirements in GB 2002 Educational Workshop - Prague

  30. Speed of Digital Transport Streams 2002 Educational Workshop - Prague

  31. Time to Load 35 Hours Audio (2GB) 2002 Educational Workshop - Prague

  32. Time to Load 30 Movies (60GB) 2002 Educational Workshop - Prague

  33. 2002 Educational Workshop - Prague

  34. Breakout Discussions: New Strategies in Audio Programming: Peter Barsby, SKYLINE Jon Wheat, DMX Inflight Audio System Quality and Reliability: Kevin Munday, MASC, Geoff Underwood, Inflight Peripherals MP3 and Next Gen. Audio Reproducers: Bryan Rusenko, Crest National John Salzman, DMX Inflight Al McGowan, TEAC 2002 Educational Workshop - Prague

  35. Audio Programming and Technologies • New Strategies in Audio Programming: Peter Barsby, SKYLINE, Jon Wheat, DMX Inflight 2002 Educational Workshop - Prague

  36. Audio Programming and Technologies Audio System Quality and Reliability: Kevin Munday, MASC, Geoff Underwood, Inflight Peripherals 2002 Educational Workshop - Prague

  37. Audio Programming and Technologies MP3 and Next Gen. Audio Reproducers: Bryan Rusenko, Crest National John Salzman, DMX Inflight Al McGowan, TEAC 2002 Educational Workshop - Prague

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